| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
N-Butanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone targets quorum sensing receptors in Gram-negative bacteria, such as LuxR-type transcriptional regulators. These receptors are activated by specific acyl-homoserine lactone signals, leading to the expression of target genes involved in virulence, biofilm formation, and other population-dependent behaviors. The DL-racemic mixture allows researchers to study both enantiomers' activities, as the L-enantiomer is typically the biologically active form, while the D-enantiomer may act as an antagonist or have reduced activity.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, N-Butanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone is used to activate or inhibit quorum sensing in bacterial cultures. The compound can induce the expression of quorum sensing-regulated genes in reporter strains, such as those containing lux or gfp fusions. It is also used to study the effects of quorum sensing on bacterial biofilm formation, motility, and production of virulence factors. The DL-racemic mixture allows for the comparison of the activities of the L- and D-enantiomers.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, N-Butanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone is used in animal models to study the role of quorum sensing in bacterial infections. Administration of the compound can modulate bacterial virulence and biofilm formation in vivo, providing insights into the potential of quorum sensing inhibitors as therapeutic agents. However, the compound's stability and pharmacokinetic properties in vivo are limited, and it is primarily used as a research tool.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro receptor binding assays for N-Butanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone involve measuring its binding affinity to LuxR-type receptors. The assay is typically performed using recombinant receptor proteins and a fluorescently labeled or radiolabeled ligand. The compound is incubated with the receptor and the labeled ligand, and the bound label is measured. The IC₅₀ and Ki values are calculated from the displacement curves. Functional activity is assessed using reporter gene assays.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular experiments for N-Butanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone are performed using bacterial cultures. Bacteria are grown in the presence of varying concentrations of the compound, and the expression of quorum sensing-regulated genes is measured using reporter strains or qPCR. The effects of the compound on biofilm formation, motility, and virulence factor production are assessed using standard assays. These experiments are essential for characterizing the compound's biological activity.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for N-Butanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone are conducted using mouse or rat models of bacterial infection. The compound is administered via intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection, or directly to the site of infection. The effects on bacterial virulence, biofilm formation, and disease progression are assessed by monitoring survival, bacterial burden, and clinical signs of infection.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of N-Butanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone have not been extensively characterized. As a small molecule, it is expected to be rapidly absorbed and distributed, but it may be susceptible to hydrolysis and degradation in biological fluids. The compound's stability and half-life in vivo are likely to be short, limiting its utility for in vivo studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity of N-Butanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone has not been extensively characterized. As a bacterial quorum sensing signal analog, it is expected to have low toxicity in mammalian cells. However, high concentrations may have off-target effects. Standard safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
N-Butyryl-L-homoserine lactone is an N-acyl amino acid.
N-Butanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone is a synthetic analog of a bacterial quorum sensing signal molecule. It is used in research to study bacterial cell-cell communication, virulence, and biofilm formation. The DL-racemic mixture allows for the study of both enantiomers' activities. N-Butanoyl-DL-homoserine lactone is a valuable tool for investigating the potential of quorum sensing inhibitors as therapeutic agents for bacterial infections. |
| Molecular Formula |
C8H13NO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
171.19372
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| Exact Mass |
171.09
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| CAS # |
98426-48-3
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| Related CAS # |
N-Butanoyl-L-homoserine lactone;67605-85-0
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| PubChem CID |
443433
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid
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| LogP |
0.609
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
191
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCCC(NC1CCOC1=O)=O
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| InChi Key |
VFFNZZXXTGXBOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H13NO3/c1-2-3-7(10)9-6-4-5-12-8(6)11/h6H,2-5H2,1H3,(H,9,10)
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| Chemical Name |
N-(2-oxooxolan-3-yl)butanamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~584.15 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.8415 mL | 29.2073 mL | 58.4146 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1683 mL | 5.8415 mL | 11.6829 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5841 mL | 2.9207 mL | 5.8415 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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