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| Targets |
N-Boc-PEG2-bromide functions as a chemical linker rather than a pharmacologically active drug; its "targets" are the functional groups on payload molecules and antibodies to which it conjugates. In ADC applications, the linker attaches cytotoxic warheads to monoclonal antibodies through stable covalent bonds. In PROTAC applications, the linker connects an E3 ubiquitin ligase ligand to a target protein ligand, enabling the ubiquitin-proteasome system to selectively degrade disease-relevant proteins. The bromide terminus reacts with nucleophiles (e.g., thiols, amines), while the Boc-protected amine provides a handle for subsequent deprotection and conjugation. This linker does not bind to biological receptors or enzymes but serves as a structural bridge in bioconjugation strategies.
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| ln Vitro |
Two distinct ligands, one for the E3 ubiquitin ligase and the other for the target protein, are present in PROTAC and are joined by a linker. PROTAC targets and selectively degrades target proteins by means of the intracellular ubiquitin-proteasome system. An ADC cytotoxin is connected to an antibody by use of an ADC linker to form an ADC.
As a synthetic linker molecule, N-Boc-PEG2-bromide does not exhibit intrinsic pharmacological activity in cell-based assays. Its in vitro utility is demonstrated through the successful synthesis and characterization of ADC or PROTAC constructs that incorporate this linker. Researchers typically evaluate the linker's performance by assessing the stability of the resulting conjugates, the efficiency of conjugation reactions (e.g., via HPLC or mass spectrometry), and the functional activity of the final bioconjugates in target cell lines. The PEG2 spacer provides sufficient flexibility and solubility to maintain the biological activity of conjugated payloads. The compound is soluble in DMSO at 100 mg/mL (320.31 mM), facilitating its use in standard organic synthesis and bioconjugation workflows. |
| ln Vivo |
No direct in vivo pharmacological activity is attributed to N-Boc-PEG2-bromide itself, as it is a linker reagent rather than a therapeutic agent. Its in vivo relevance is demonstrated through the performance of ADC or PROTAC constructs synthesized using this linker in animal models. For in vivo administration of conjugates containing this linker, formulations typically employ sequential solvent addition: 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% saline, or 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline), yielding clear solutions at ≥5 mg/mL. The linker's stability in biological matrices and its ability to release payloads at target sites are key parameters evaluated in preclinical pharmacokinetic and efficacy studies.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays are not applicable to N-Boc-PEG2-bromide because it is a chemical linker with no intrinsic affinity for biological macromolecules. Instead, quality control and characterization of this linker are performed using standard analytical chemistry methods. Purity is assessed via HPLC (≥98.0%) and NMR spectroscopy to confirm structural integrity. The bromide content and functional group integrity are verified through mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. For researchers incorporating this linker into bioconjugates, the efficiency of the nucleophilic substitution reaction (bromide displacement) is typically monitored by TLC, HPLC, or LC-MS to confirm successful conjugation. Boc group deprotection is verified by the disappearance of the tert-butyl proton signals in ¹H NMR following acid treatment.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays are not performed directly on N-Boc-PEG2-bromide because the compound is a synthetic linker lacking biological activity. However, the biological activity of ADC or PROTAC constructs containing this linker is evaluated in relevant cell lines. For ADC evaluation, cancer cell lines are treated with the ADC conjugate, and cytotoxicity is measured using assays such as MTT, CellTiter-Glo, or flow cytometry-based viability staining. For PROTAC evaluation, target protein degradation is assessed by Western blot analysis in treated cells, while cell proliferation and apoptosis are monitored over 24-72 hours. The linker's contribution to conjugate stability, solubility, and overall efficacy is inferred from comparative studies using alternative linkers. DMSO stock solutions (100 mg/mL) are prepared and diluted in cell culture media for treatment.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies are not conducted with N-Boc-PEG2-bromide as a standalone compound; rather, the linker is evaluated as part of ADC or PROTAC constructs in rodent models. Typical protocols involve administering the conjugate to tumor-bearing mice (e.g., xenograft models) via intravenous injection at doses determined by the payload's potency. For in vivo formulation, the conjugate is dissolved using sequential solvent addition: 10% DMSO + 40% PEG300 + 5% Tween-80 + 45% saline, or 10% DMSO + 90% (20% SBE-β-CD in saline), yielding clear solutions at ≥5 mg/mL. Efficacy is assessed by tumor volume measurements, survival analysis, and histopathological examination of target tissues. Pharmacodynamic endpoints include target protein degradation (for PROTACs) or tumor growth inhibition (for ADCs), with the linker's stability and payload release profile evaluated through plasma sampling.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a chemical linker rather than a therapeutic agent, N-Boc-PEG2-bromide does not have a conventional pharmacokinetic profile. However, the pharmacokinetic properties of ADC or PROTAC constructs incorporating this linker are evaluated in preclinical studies. Typical parameters measured include plasma clearance, half-life, volume of distribution, and area under the curve (AUC) following intravenous administration in rodents. The PEG2 spacer contributes to improved aqueous solubility and reduced immunogenicity, which can enhance the pharmacokinetic properties of the final conjugate. The linker's stability in plasma is assessed by measuring the release of free payload over time using LC-MS/MS. The Boc-protected amine may be deprotected in acidic environments, but this is generally not a concern in physiological pH conditions (7.4). Formulation studies indicate solubility ≥5 mg/mL in standard in vivo vehicles.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of N-Boc-PEG2-bromide is not well-characterized because it is a research-grade linker not intended for human therapeutic use. As a bromoalkyl reagent, it may be irritating to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract due to the reactive bromide group. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound, including the use of personal protective equipment (gloves, goggles, lab coat) and work in a fume hood. The compound should be stored at -20°C for long-term stability (up to 3 years) and at 4°C for short-term storage (up to 2 years). No genotoxicity, carcinogenicity, or reproductive toxicity data are available for this specific compound. Researchers should consult the safety data sheet (SDS) before use and treat the compound as potentially hazardous due to the presence of the alkyl bromide moiety.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Additional information for N-Boc-PEG2-bromide: The compound is supplied as a high-purity solid (≥98.0%) suitable for research-grade synthesis. Its molecular formula is C₁₁H₂₂BrNO₄ with a molecular weight of 312.20 g/mol. The CAS registry number is 165963-71-3. The linker is classified as a cleavable ADC linker and a PEG/Alkyl/ether-based PROTAC linker. The Boc protecting group can be removed under mild acidic conditions (e.g., TFA in DCM) to yield the free amine for further conjugation. The bromide group enables efficient nucleophilic substitution with thiols, amines, and other nucleophiles. This product is for research use only and is not approved for clinical or diagnostic applications. No clinical trials or FDA approvals exist for this compound as it is a synthetic building block rather than a therapeutic agent.
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| Molecular Formula |
C11H22BRNO4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
312.2007
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| Exact Mass |
311.073
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| CAS # |
165963-71-3
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| PubChem CID |
22471886
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| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
382.8±27.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
185.3±23.7 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.472
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| LogP |
1.75
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
10
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| Heavy Atom Count |
17
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| Complexity |
206
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
BrC([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])OC([H])([H])C([H])([H])N([H])C(=O)OC(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
WGWDCMKAMHBDPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H22BrNO4/c1-11(2,3)17-10(14)13-5-7-16-9-8-15-6-4-12/h4-9H2,1-3H3,(H,13,14)
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| Chemical Name |
tert-butyl N-[2-[2-(2-bromoethoxy)ethoxy]ethyl]carbamate
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.2031 mL | 16.0154 mL | 32.0307 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6406 mL | 3.2031 mL | 6.4061 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3203 mL | 1.6015 mL | 3.2031 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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