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Thiol groups (sulfhydryl groups); N-(9-Acridinyl)maleimide is a fluorescent thiol reagent that reacts specifically with thiol groups. The maleimide group forms a covalent bond with thiols through a Michael addition reaction. Upon reaction, the non-fluorescent compound is converted to a strongly blue-fluorescent product. This allows for the sensitive detection and quantification of thiol-containing compounds such as cysteine and glutathione.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, N-(9-Acridinyl)maleimide is used for the fluorometrical analysis of cysteine and glutathione. It reacts with thiol groups in proteins and small molecules to form fluorescent conjugates. The compound is used in HPLC fluorescence labeling to detect and quantify thiol-containing compounds. It is also used to study protein thiol modifications and redox status.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, N-(9-Acridinyl)maleimide is not typically used for therapeutic purposes. It is primarily used in vitro as a fluorescent labeling reagent for thiols. The compound may be used in ex vivo applications, such as labeling thiols in tissue samples, but it is not administered to living organisms for systemic effects.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro, N-(9-Acridinyl)maleimide is used as a fluorescent labeling reagent for thiols. Samples containing thiols are incubated with the compound at room temperature for a specified time. The reaction forms a fluorescent product that can be detected by fluorescence spectroscopy or HPLC with fluorescence detection. The compound is typically dissolved in an appropriate organic solvent. The protocol is used for the quantification of cysteine, glutathione, and other thiols.
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| Animal Protocol |
N-(9-Acridinyl)maleimide is not typically used in in vivo animal experiments. It is primarily used as an in vitro labeling reagent. The compound may be used in ex vivo applications, such as labeling thiols in tissue sections, but it is not administered to living animals for systemic effects.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
N-(9-Acridinyl)maleimide has a molecular weight of 274.28 and the chemical formula C₁₇H₁₀N₂O₂. It is a maleimide fluorescent thiol reagent. The compound itself has no significant fluorescence, but its coupling product with a thiol compound has strong blue fluorescence. It is soluble in organic solvents such as DMSO. It should be stored in a sealed container in a cool, dry place, protected from light. It is for research use only.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicity data for N-(9-Acridinyl)maleimide are not extensively documented. As a fluorescent labeling reagent, it may be toxic and should be handled with care. The compound is for research use only and not for human therapeutic use. It should be handled with appropriate safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment. The compound should be stored in a sealed container in a cool, dry place away from incompatible materials.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
N-(9-Acridinyl)maleimide is also known as NAM and 9-maleimidoacridine. It is a maleimide fluorescent thiol reagent used for the fluorometrical analysis of cysteine and glutathione. It reacts with thiol groups to form a covalent bond, producing a strong blue fluorescence. It is used as an HPLC fluorescence labeling reagent. It is supplied as a solid and should be stored in a cool, dry place. It is for research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C17H10N2O2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
274.2735
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| Exact Mass |
274.074
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| CAS # |
49759-20-8
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| PubChem CID |
3016496
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.4±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
508.2±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
188-190°C
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| Flash Point |
261.2±22.6 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.776
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| LogP |
2.27
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
21
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| Complexity |
447
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
NCFIKBMPEOEIED-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C17H10N2O2/c20-15-9-10-16(21)19(15)17-11-5-1-3-7-13(11)18-14-8-4-2-6-12(14)17/h1-10H
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| Chemical Name |
1-acridin-9-ylpyrrole-2,5-dione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~5 mg/mL (~18.23 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.6460 mL | 18.2302 mL | 36.4604 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7292 mL | 3.6460 mL | 7.2921 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3646 mL | 1.8230 mL | 3.6460 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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