| Size | Price | |
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| 50mg | ||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
MSX-2 targets the adenosine A2A receptor, where it acts as a potent antagonist with a Ki of 5 nM in humans. By blocking the A2A receptor, it prevents adenosine-mediated signaling, which is involved in the regulation of neurotransmitter release, vasodilation, and immune responses. Its high affinity and selectivity make it a valuable tool for studying A2A receptor function.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, MSX-2 demonstrates potent antagonistic activity at the human A2A adenosine receptor with a Ki of 5 nM. It selectively blocks A2A receptor-mediated signaling without significant activity at other adenosine receptor subtypes. This activity is typically assessed by measuring its ability to displace radiolabeled ligands from the receptor or to inhibit agonist-induced cAMP accumulation in cells expressing the receptor.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, MSX-2 has been used as a research tool to investigate the role of A2A receptors in various disease models. It has shown promise in animal models of Parkinson's disease, where A2A receptor antagonism can modulate dopaminergic signaling and improve motor function. It is also being studied for its potential neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro receptor binding assays for MSX-2 typically involve competitive radioligand binding using membrane preparations from cells expressing human A2A receptors. Membranes are incubated with a radiolabeled A2A antagonist (e.g., [³H]-ZM241385) and varying concentrations of MSX-2. The Ki value is calculated from the displacement curve. Functional antagonism is confirmed by cAMP accumulation assays.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays for MSX-2 involve culturing cells expressing recombinant human A2A receptors (e.g., CHO or HEK-293 cells). Cells are treated with MSX-2 at concentrations ranging from 0.1 nM to 10 µM, followed by stimulation with an A2A agonist (e.g., CGS-21680). Receptor antagonism is measured by the inhibition of agonist-induced cAMP accumulation using ELISA or HTRF-based assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for MSX-2 typically involve administration to rodent models of Parkinson's disease via intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection at doses ranging from 0.1-10 mg/kg. Motor function is assessed by behavioral tests such as the rotarod test or open field test. Neurochemical changes in the brain are evaluated by microdialysis or tissue analysis. Pharmacokinetic parameters are evaluated by measuring compound levels in blood and brain tissue.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
MSX-2 (molecular weight 394.42, formula C21H22N4O4) is expected to have moderate lipophilicity and blood-brain barrier penetration. It is typically administered via intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection in research settings. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters including absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion are available in preclinical literature. It is soluble in DMSO.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No detailed toxicology data are specifically available for MSX-2 from the search results. As an A2A receptor antagonist, potential toxicity may include effects on cardiovascular and central nervous system functions. Comprehensive toxicological evaluation including acute, subchronic, and genotoxicity studies has likely been conducted in preclinical development. The compound is for research use only.
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| Additional Infomation |
MSX-2 (CAS#: 261717-18-4) is a potent and selective A2A adenosine receptor antagonist with a Ki of 5 nM in humans. It is used as a research tool for studying Parkinson's disease, neuroprotection, and inflammation. Molecular weight: 394.42, formula: C21H22N4O4. It is not an approved therapeutic agent.
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| Molecular Formula |
C21H22N4O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
394.423784732819
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| Exact Mass |
394.164
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| CAS # |
261717-18-4
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| PubChem CID |
10046145
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| LogP |
1.091
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
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| Heavy Atom Count |
29
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| Complexity |
687
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O=C1N(CC#C)C(C2=C(N=C(/C=C/C3C=CC=C(C=3)OC)N2C)N1CCCO)=O
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| InChi Key |
FWLDDFYHEQMIGG-MDZDMXLPSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C21H22N4O4/c1-4-11-25-20(27)18-19(24(21(25)28)12-6-13-26)22-17(23(18)2)10-9-15-7-5-8-16(14-15)29-3/h1,5,7-10,14,26H,6,11-13H2,2-3H3/b10-9+
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| Chemical Name |
3-(3-hydroxypropyl)-8-[(E)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethenyl]-7-methyl-1-prop-2-ynylpurine-2,6-dione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.5354 mL | 12.6768 mL | 25.3537 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5071 mL | 2.5354 mL | 5.0707 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2535 mL | 1.2677 mL | 2.5354 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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