Metrizamide is a special kind of contrast agent that, even in isotonic solutions, has enough density for intermittent diagnostic radiography [3].

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
After oral or rectal administration, the amount absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract is negligible.

[1]. Zerebrale und spinale Angiographie mit Metrizamid (Amipaque) [Cerebral and spinal angiography with metrizamide (amipaque) (author's transl)]. Rofo. 1978;129(5):559-561.

[2]. Bertoni JM. Metrizamide inhibits human brain hexokinase. Neurology. 1982;32(8):884-887.

[3]. Funkquist B. Myelographic localization of spinal cord compression in dogs. A comparison between cisternal and lumbar injections of metrizamide "Amipaque" in diagnosing and locating spinal cord compression. Acta Vet Scand. 1975;16(2):269-287.

Metriamide is an amino sugar. Metriamide is a density gradient centrifugation solute that provides a higher maximum solution density without increasing viscosity. It is also used as an absorbable nonionic contrast agent. See also: Metriamide (note moved to).

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Drug Indications
Metriamide is used for lumbar, thoracic, cervical, and whole spinal angiography to determine the presence of abnormalities in the spine, spinal canal, and central nervous system (CNS), and for cisternography via direct injection using standard radiological techniques to visualize the basal cisterns. It is also used for intracranial subarachnoid computed tomography (CT) and ventriculography, with direct injection of the contrast agent using standard radiological techniques to visualize the ventricles. It is also used for pediatric cardiovascular angiography to visualize cardiac lesions or malformations and obstructions or abnormalities of major thoracic vessels. It is also used in adult peripheral arteriography to visualize specific areas of the vascular system and their blood flow, thereby aiding in the diagnosis and assessment of tumors (known or suspected) or vascular diseases (congenital or acquired) that may cause alterations to normal vascular anatomy or physiology. Metrizamide is also suitable for digital arteriography of veins in the adult head and neck.

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Mechanism of Action
Organic iodine compounds (such as metrizamide) block X-rays from passing through the body, thus creating a clear contrast between iodine-containing surface structures and iodine-free structures. The degree of visualization produced by these compounds is proportional to the total amount (concentration and volume) of iodinated contrast agent in the X-ray path. Intrathecal injection into the subarachnoid space allows metrizamide to diffuse in the cerebrospinal fluid, visualizing the subarachnoid space of the head and spinal canals. Intravascular injection allows metrizamide to visualize flowing blood vessels, thus visualizing internal structures before significant blood dilution. Metrizamide also has some toxic effects, which are thought to be due to its ability to inhibit glucose metabolism.

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Pharmacodynamics
Metrazodone is a radiocontrast agent used to improve the contrast of structures in the body when using different imaging techniques such as computed tomography (CT) or radiographic imaging (X-ray imaging).

C18H22N3O8I3

789.094580000001

788.854

31112-62-6

443944

White to off-white solid powder

2.3±0.1 g/cm3

828.5±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg

222-224ºC

454.8±34.3 °C

0.0±3.2 mmHg at 25°C

1.761

-0.74

6

8

5

32

719

4

CC(=O)NC1=C(C(=C(C(=C1I)C(=O)N[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](OC2O)CO)O)O)I)N(C)C(=O)C)I

BAQCROVBDNBEEB-UBYUBLNFSA-N

InChI=1S/C18H22I3N3O8/c1-5(26)22-12-9(19)8(10(20)14(11(12)21)24(3)6(2)27)17(30)23-13-16(29)15(28)7(4-25)32-18(13)31/h7,13,15-16,18,25,28-29,31H,4H2,1-3H3,(H,22,26)(H,23,30)/t7-,13-,15-,16-,18?/m1/s1

3-acetamido-5-[acetyl(methyl)amino]-2,4,6-triiodo-N-[(3R,4R,5S,6R)-2,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]benzamide

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ≥ 50 mg/mL (~63.36 mM)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)