Methionine-brain peptide (MENK) is an endogenous neuropeptide that is essential to the immunological and neuroendocrine systems. It is believed that MENK exhibits immunomodulatory properties. MENK can also alter the tumor microenvironment by binding to opioid absorption on or inside cancer cells and interacting with immune and cancer cells. Each of these possesses biological importance and the ability to manipulate cancer immunity mechanistically. Moreover, they disclose the connection between the immune system and the intestines [1].

Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
The Cmax of metenofoline is 1266.14 pg/mL, the Tmax is 0.16 h, and the AUC is 360.64 pgh/mL. Biological Half-Life The half-life of metenofoline is 4.2–39 minutes.

[1]. Methionine enkephalin, its role in immunoregulation and cancer therapy. Int Immunopharmacol. 2016 Feb 23. pii: S1567-5769(16)30050-9.

Metenkefalin is an endogenous opioid and β-endorphin. Studies have shown that it can reduce chromosomal aberrations in patients with multiple sclerosis. Metenkefalin, along with [triginetide], is being investigated as an immunomodulatory therapy for moderate to severe COVID-19. Metenkefalin has been reported in mussels (Mytilus edulis) and honeybees (Apis cerana), with relevant data. Metenkefalin is the synthetic form of the naturally occurring endogenous opioid peptide Metenkefalin, an agonist of ζ and δ opioid receptors, and also has a weak agonist effect on μ opioid receptors. It possesses potential analgesic, neuromodulatory, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive/analgesic, antidepressant, and gastrointestinal motility modulatory activities. After administration, menadione mimics its endogenous ligand, targeting and binding to activated opioid receptors. This leads to analgesic effects, inhibition of neuropathic pain, and inhibition of gastrointestinal muscle contractions. Binding to the opioid growth factor receptor (OGFR; ζ-opioid receptor) promotes tissue growth and regeneration. Furthermore, activation of the δ-opioid receptor located on various immune cells may regulate inflammatory immune responses. This may inhibit the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines and leukocyte proliferation. Opioid growth factor (OGF) is an endogenous pentapeptide with potential antitumor and anti-angiogenic activities. OGF binds to and activates the OGF receptor present on certain tumor cells and vascular cells, thereby inhibiting tumor cell proliferation and angiogenesis. (NCI05) An endogenous pentapeptide with morphine-like activity. It differs from leucine enkephalin in that its fifth amino acid is methionine. Its first four amino acid sequences are identical to the N-terminal tetrapeptide sequence of β-endorphin. Pharmaceutical Indications In Bosnia, Metenkefalin is used to treat relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Mechanism of Action Metenkefalin is an agonist of μ and δ opioid receptors. Low doses can induce immunostimulation, while high doses can induce immunosuppression. Methionine-enkephalin can also inhibit the production of aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone, and corticosterone. Unfortunately, the specific mechanisms of these effects have not been fully described in the literature.

C27H35N5O7S

573.665

573.226

58569-55-4

443363

White to off-white solid powder

1.324 g/cm3

1052.9ºC at 760 mmHg

590.6ºC

1.608

1.808

7

9

16

40

847

3

CSCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)CNC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)N

YFGBQHOOROIVKG-FKBYEOEOSA-N

InChI=1S/C27H35N5O7S/c1-40-12-11-21(27(38)39)32-26(37)22(14-17-5-3-2-4-6-17)31-24(35)16-29-23(34)15-30-25(36)20(28)13-18-7-9-19(33)10-8-18/h2-10,20-22,33H,11-16,28H2,1H3,(H,29,34)(H,30,36)(H,31,35)(H,32,37)(H,38,39)/t20-,21-,22-/m0/s1

(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-4-methylsulfanylbutanoic acid

Enkephalin methionine; CCRIS 4225; (Met5)-enkephalin

2934.99.9001

Powder      -20°C    3 years

                     4°C     2 years

In solvent   -80°C    6 months

                  -20°C    1 month

Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture.

Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)

DMSO : ≥ 40 mg/mL (~69.73 mM)
H2O : ~6.67 mg/mL (~11.63 mM)

Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.

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Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)
*Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil)
Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)]
*Preparation of 20% SBE-β-CD in Saline (4°C，1 week): Dissolve 2 g SBE-β-CD in 10 mL saline to obtain a clear solution.
Injection Formulation 5: 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin : Saline = 50 : 50 (i.e. 500 μL 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin → 500 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 6: DMSO : PEG300 : castor oil : Saline = 5 : 10 : 20 : 65 (i.e. 50 μL DMSO → 100 μLPEG300 → 200 μL castor oil → 650 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 7: Ethanol : Cremophor : Saline = 10： 10 : 80 (i.e. 100 μL Ethanol → 100 μL Cremophor → 800 μL Saline)
Injection Formulation 8: Dissolve in Cremophor/Ethanol (50 : 50), then diluted by Saline
Injection Formulation 9: EtOH : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 900 μL Corn oil)
Injection Formulation 10: EtOH : PEG300：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL EtOH → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline)

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Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium)
Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals).

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Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400
Oral Formulation 4: Suspend in 0.2% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 5: Dissolve in 0.25% Tween 80 and 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose
Oral Formulation 6: Mixing with food powders

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Note: Please be aware that the above formulations are for reference only. InvivoChem strongly recommends customers to read literature methods/protocols carefully before determining which formulation you should use for in vivo studies, as different compounds have different solubility properties and have to be formulated differently.

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 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.)