| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10g |
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| Other Sizes |
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Metaldehyde is readily absorbed from GI tract, probably as different sized fragments of acetaldehyde polymer ... These substances readily cross blood-brain barrier, as evidenced by their effect on level of consciousness. Metaldehyde was found in the plasma & urine of dogs given a single oral dose of 600 mg/kg. The urinary excretion of metaldehyde was <1% of the dose. Metabolism / Metabolites Metaldehyde slowly hydrolyzes to acetaldehyde in acid solutions (i.e., in the stomach). Acetaldehyde is then oxidized to acetic acid. Acetaldehyde was not found in plasma and urine of metaldehyde treated dogs. Ingestion of about 100 to 150 mg/kg of metaldehyde led to peak serum levels of metaldehyde (120 ug/mL) 35 hr after ingestion & urine levels of 53 ug/mL in 14 hr. Acetaldehyde levels in the serum were <1.0 ug/mL. Metaldehyde is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and may be absorbed from the skin or lungs. Metaldehyde slowly hydrolyses to acetaldehyde in acid solutions (i.e., in the stomach). Acetaldehyde is then oxidized to acetic acid. (L1787) Biological Half-Life The urinary excretion of metaldehyde was less than 1% of the dose ... Elimination half-life is 27 hr. |
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Summary
The toxicologically active substance in metaldehyde intoxication is mainly the degradation product acetaldehyde; other toxic products are probably also formed. Acetaldehyde acts as a releasing factor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA). It also competitively inhibits biogenic amine oxidation which, in turn, decreases 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), a metabolite of 5-HT by competitively inhibiting 5-HT-oxidation. Acetaldehyde also increases monoamine oxidase activity and decreases central serotonin levels. (L1782) Toxicity Data LC50 (rat) = 203 mg/m3 LC50 (rat) = 3,140 mg/m3/4hr LD50: 630 mg/kg (Oral, Rat) (L1782) LD50: 600 mg/kg (Oral, Dog) (L1782) Interactions In mice intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg bw diazepam or 0.5 mg/kg clonidine hydrochloride decreased the toxicity of an oral dose of 100 mg metaldehyde/kg bw administered 20 min previously. A dose of 0.5 mg diazepam/kg bw was without protective effect. Non-Human Toxicity Values LD50 Rat oral 283 mg/kg LD50 Rat oral 630 mg/kg LD50 Rat (female) single oral dose 398 mg/kg LD50 Rat dermal > 5000 mg/kg For more Non-Human Toxicity Values (Complete) data for Metaldehyde (11 total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| Additional Infomation |
Metaldehyde is a white-colored crystalline solid. It is insoluble in water. It is highly flammable and when ignited will give off irritating fumes. It may be toxic by ingestion and is very irritating to skin and eyes. It is used to make other chemicals.
Metaldehyde is a member of the class of tetroxocanes that is 1,3,5,7-tetroxocane which carries four methyl groups at positions 2,4,6 and 8. It is a potent molluscicide and the active ingredient in most slug pellets used for crop protection. It has a role as a molluscicide and a fuel. Metaldehyde is a cyclic tetramer of acetaldehyde commonly used as a pesticide against slugs, snails, and other gastropods. Metaldehyde intoxication leads to central nervous system depression, and liver and kidney injury. (L1782) Mechanism of Action The toxicologically active substance in metaldehyde intoxication is mainly the degradation product acetaldehyde, which is formed at a low pH in the stomach. Other toxic products are probably also formed. Acetaldehyde acts as a releasing factor for 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and noradrenaline (NA). It also competitively inhibits biogenic amine oxidation which, in turn, decreases 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), a metabolite of 5-HT by competitively inhibiting 5-HT-oxidation. Acetaldehyde also increases monoamine oxidase activity and decreases central serotonin levels ... Its pesticidal action is due to contact with the foot of the mollusk, making it torpid and increasing the secretion of mucus leading to dehydration. |
| Molecular Formula |
C8H16O4
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
176.21
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| Exact Mass |
176.104
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| CAS # |
108-62-3
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| Related CAS # |
Metaldehyde-d16;1219805-73-8
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| PubChem CID |
61021
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
0.9±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
194.3±25.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
246 °C
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| Flash Point |
71.1±30.0 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.6±0.4 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.386
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| LogP |
1.14
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
91
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
GKKDCARASOJPNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C8H16O4/c1-5-9-6(2)11-8(4)12-7(3)10-5/h5-8H,1-4H3
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| Chemical Name |
2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetraoxocane
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| Synonyms |
AI3 15376; AI3-15376; Metaldehyde
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~1.82 mg/mL (~10.33 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.6750 mL | 28.3752 mL | 56.7505 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1350 mL | 5.6750 mL | 11.3501 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5675 mL | 2.8375 mL | 5.6750 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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