| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Targets |
Melinamide targets acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), an enzyme involved in cholesterol esterification. By inhibiting ACAT, it reduces cholesterol absorption in the intestine. It decreases the enhanced intestinal ACAT activity in diabetic rats without affecting intestinal cholesterol esterase activity. Its mechanism involves inhibition of cholesterol absorption and reduction of VLDL.
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| ln Vitro |
At roughly 0.5 μM, DL-Melinamide 50% reduces the activity of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) in mucosal microsomes. According to kinetic analyses, DL-Melinamide inhibits acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase in a non-competitive manner. It was discovered that D-melinamide was a more powerful inhibitor than L-melinamide [2].
In vitro, melinamide inhibits acyl CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) activity in mucosal microsomes, with 50% inhibition occurring at approximately 0.5 μM. Kinetic studies indicate that DL-melinamide is an uncompetitive inhibitor of ACAT. The D-enantiomer is found to be a more effective inhibitor than the L-enantiomer. |
| ln Vivo |
A new medication that lowers cholesterol is called melinamide. In diabetic rats, melinamide significantly reduced intestinal ACAT activity but had no effect on intestinal cholesterol esterase activity. Furthermore, after medication therapy, hypercholesterolemia in diabetic rats given cholesterol was markedly reduced [3].
In vivo, melinamide causes a substantial decrease of the enhanced intestinal ACAT activity in diabetic rats. Marked improvement of hypercholesterolaemia in cholesterol-fed diabetic rats occurs concomitantly with the drug treatment. It reduces elevated serum lipids primarily by lowering the VLDL fraction. In Type III hyperlipoproteinemia, it can lower serum cholesterol levels. |
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme/receptor binding studies for melinamide typically involve ACAT inhibition assays. Standard protocols use microsomal preparations from intestinal mucosa incubated with radiolabeled oleoyl-CoA and cholesterol in the presence of increasing concentrations of melinamide. ACAT activity is measured by the incorporation of labeled oleate into cholesteryl esters, and IC₅₀ values are calculated.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for melinamide involve culturing intestinal epithelial cells or hepatocytes in the presence of serial dilutions of the compound. Cholesterol esterification is measured by the incorporation of radiolabeled cholesterol or oleate into cholesteryl esters. Cell viability is assessed using standard assays. Lipid levels in cell lysates may be measured.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for melinamide are conducted in diabetic rat models fed a high-cholesterol diet. Animals are treated with melinamide (0.1%) in the diet for several weeks. Endpoints include serum lipid levels (cholesterol, triglycerides) and intestinal ACAT activity. Standard protocols include comparison to vehicle-treated controls.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of melinamide include a molecular weight of 383.61 and a molecular formula of C₂₆H₄₁NO. It is soluble in DMSO (200 mg/mL). Its IUPAC name is N-(α-methylbenzyl)linoleamide. It is a white to off-white solid. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life and bioavailability are available from preclinical studies.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Preclinical toxicity data for melinamide indicate that it is generally well-tolerated at therapeutic doses. In animal studies, it does not show significant organ toxicity. Standard toxicology parameters such as body weight, organ weight, and histopathology are monitored in long-term studies. Further toxicity studies would be required for clinical development. It is intended for research use only.
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| References |
[1]. Kusunoki J, et al. Effect of F-1394, a potent and selective inhibitor of acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT), on esterification of cholesterol and basolateral secretion of cholesteryl ester in Caco-2 cells Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. 1997 Dec;110(6):
[2]. Natori K, et al. Mechanism of the inhibition of cholesterol absorption by DL-melinamide: inhibition of cholesterol esterification. Jpn J Pharmacol. 1986 Dec;42(4):517-23. [3]. Matsubara K, et al. Cholesterol-lowering effect of N-(alpha-methylbenzyl)linoleamide (melinamide) in cholesterol-fed diabetic rats. Atherosclerosis. 1988 Aug;72(2-3):199-204 |
| Additional Infomation |
Melinamide is an organic molecular entity.
Melinamide is a hypocholesterolaemic agent that inhibits cholesterol absorption. It is also known as N-(α-methylbenzyl)linoleamide. Its pharmacological properties are similar to gemfibrozil. It has been studied for its potential in treating hyperlipidemia and Type III hyperlipoproteinemia. It is not approved for human therapeutic use in many jurisdictions. |
| Molecular Formula |
C26H41NO
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
383.62
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| Exact Mass |
383.319
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| CAS # |
14417-88-0
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| Related CAS # |
14417-88-0 ;
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| PubChem CID |
20054967
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| LogP |
8.068
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
16
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| Heavy Atom Count |
28
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| Complexity |
420
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
CCCCC/C=C\C/C=C\CCCCCCCC(NC(C1=CC=CC=C1)C)=O
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| InChi Key |
RWIUTHWKQHRQNP-NQLNTKRDSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C26H41NO/c1-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-20-23-26(28)27-24(2)25-21-18-17-19-22-25/h7-8,10-11,17-19,21-22,24H,3-6,9,12-16,20,23H2,1-2H3,(H,27,28)/b8-7-,11-10- SMILES
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| Chemical Name |
(9Z,12Z)-N-(1-phenylethyl)octadeca-9,12-dienamide
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| Synonyms |
Melinamide AC 223 Melinamide [JAN] Melinamidum Melinamidum [INN-Latin] Melinamida.
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~200 mg/mL (~521.36 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.6067 mL | 13.0337 mL | 26.0675 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5213 mL | 2.6067 mL | 5.2135 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2607 mL | 1.3034 mL | 2.6067 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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