| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
|
||
| 5mg |
|
||
| 10mg |
|
||
| 25mg |
|
||
| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
MCLA hydrochloride does not target a specific biological receptor or enzyme in the traditional sense; its "target" is the superoxide anion (O₂•⁻), a primary reactive oxygen species. The chemiluminescent reaction is highly specific for superoxide, allowing for its selective detection over other ROS like hydrogen peroxide or hydroxyl radicals. Upon reacting with superoxide, MCLA is oxidized, producing an unstable dioxetane intermediate. The decomposition of this intermediate releases energy in the form of light (chemiluminescence), which can be quantified. The intensity of the emitted light is directly proportional to the concentration of superoxide in the sample, enabling both qualitative and quantitative measurements. This specificity makes MCLA hydrochloride a superior probe for studying the dynamics of superoxide production in various biological and pathological processes.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
The nonspecific luminescence remained practically constant within 10 min following the administration of MCLA hydrochloride (MCLA) and was not significantly altered by SOD. However, the MCLA hydrochloride approach is 4.5 times more sensitive than the CLA method [1].
The primary in vitro activity of MCLA hydrochloride is its function as a chemiluminescent probe for superoxide detection. It is characterized by its high sensitivity, being reported to be 4.5 times more sensitive than the CLA method for detecting superoxide. In a typical in vitro assay, MCLA hydrochloride is added to a sample containing superoxide, and the resulting chemiluminescence is measured using a luminometer. The non-specific luminescence remains practically constant for approximately 10 minutes following the addition of MCLA, providing a stable baseline for accurate measurements. This stability is a key advantage for quantitative assays. Its physicochemical properties, such as a LogP of 2.808 and a boiling point of 410.3°C, facilitate its use in various experimental conditions. Its high specificity for superoxide makes it an invaluable tool for studying superoxide-mediated processes in vitro. |
| ln Vivo |
MCLA hydrochloride's in vivo activity is primarily demonstrated in its use as a probe for real-time imaging and monitoring of superoxide production in live animals. Its chemiluminescent properties allow for non-invasive detection of superoxide in various tissues and disease models. While specific in vivo efficacy data as a therapeutic agent is not applicable, its role as a sensitive diagnostic and research tool is well-established. It is used to study oxidative stress in models of inflammation, ischemia-reperfusion injury, and neurodegenerative diseases. However, its application in vivo is limited by its rapid clearance and potential for non-specific reactions. Its use in animal models requires careful optimization of dosing and administration routes.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for MCLA hydrochloride are chemiluminescence-based and are performed to measure superoxide production. In a typical protocol, MCLA hydrochloride is dissolved in a suitable buffer (e.g., phosphate-buffered saline). The sample, which may contain cells, tissue homogenates, or enzyme systems that generate superoxide (such as xanthine/xanthine oxidase), is mixed with the MCLA solution. The chemiluminescence is immediately measured using a luminometer or a plate reader equipped with a luminescence detection module. The signal is typically recorded over a period of time to capture the kinetics of superoxide production. A standard curve using a known superoxide-generating system (e.g., hypoxanthine/xanthine oxidase) can be used to quantify the amount of superoxide produced. This assay is highly sensitive and specific for superoxide, making it a gold standard for ROS detection.
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays using MCLA hydrochloride are designed to measure intracellular or extracellular superoxide production from living cells. Cells are cultured in a suitable medium, and MCLA hydrochloride is added directly to the cell culture medium. The cells are then stimulated with an agent that induces superoxide production, such as phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) in neutrophils or lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in macrophages. The resulting chemiluminescence is measured using a luminometer. To ensure the signal is specific to superoxide, a control experiment can be performed by adding superoxide dismutase (SOD), which scavenges superoxide and should eliminate the chemiluminescent signal. This assay is a powerful tool for studying the role of superoxide in cellular signaling, inflammation, and oxidative stress responses.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies using MCLA hydrochloride are typically performed to monitor superoxide production in live animals. The compound is administered via intravenous or intraperitoneal injection, and the chemiluminescence signal is detected using an in vivo imaging system. This approach allows for the real-time, non-invasive visualization of superoxide production in various organs, such as the liver, heart, or brain. It is used to study the role of oxidative stress in models of disease, including sepsis, myocardial infarction, and stroke. The intensity of the chemiluminescent signal correlates with the level of superoxide production, providing a dynamic readout of oxidative stress in the living animal. However, the use of MCLA hydrochloride in vivo is limited by its short half-life and the need for specialized imaging equipment.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
The pharmacokinetic properties of MCLA hydrochloride are characterized by its rapid distribution and elimination, typical of a small molecule probe. It is administered via injection, as it is not suitable for oral administration. Upon administration, it is rapidly distributed throughout the body, and its chemiluminescent signal can be detected within minutes. The compound is metabolized and cleared from the body relatively quickly, which limits its use for long-term imaging studies. Its solubility in DMSO (10 mg/mL) and aqueous buffers facilitates its formulation for injection. The compound should be stored as a powder at -20°C for up to three years or in solution at -80°C for up to six months.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicological profile of MCLA hydrochloride is not extensively documented in the literature, as it is a research reagent rather than a therapeutic agent. At the concentrations typically used in in vitro assays (micromolar range), it is generally considered non-toxic to cells. For in vivo studies, the compound should be handled with standard laboratory safety precautions. It is recommended to use personal protective equipment (gloves, lab coat, safety goggles) when handling the powder or solutions. The compound is intended for research use only and is not for human therapeutic or diagnostic use. Its safety for human use has not been established.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
MCLA hydrochloride is also known by its chemical name 2-methyl-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-3,7-dihydroimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-one hydrochloride. It is a chemiluminescent reagent that is highly specific for superoxide anions. The compound is supplied as a light yellow to yellow solid powder with a purity of ≥98%. It is soluble in DMSO at 10 mg/mL. MCLA hydrochloride is a critical tool for studying reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and their roles in various diseases. It is for research use only.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C14H14CLN3O2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
291.7329
|
| Exact Mass |
291.077
|
| CAS # |
128322-44-1
|
| PubChem CID |
135739676
|
| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
|
| Boiling Point |
410.3ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Flash Point |
201.9ºC
|
| Vapour Pressure |
3.95E-07mmHg at 25°C
|
| LogP |
2.808
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
20
|
| Complexity |
307
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| InChi Key |
MXZACTZQSGYANA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H13N3O2.ClH/c1-9-14(18)17-8-12(15-7-13(17)16-9)10-3-5-11(19-2)6-4-10;/h3-8,18H,1-2H3;1H
|
| Chemical Name |
6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-2-methylimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazin-3-ol;hydrochloride
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~10 mg/mL (~34.28 mM)
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.4278 mL | 17.1391 mL | 34.2783 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6856 mL | 3.4278 mL | 6.8557 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3428 mL | 1.7139 mL | 3.4278 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
