| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Lysozyme targets the bacterial cell wall, specifically the peptidoglycan layer. It exerts its bactericidal effect by hydrolyzing the β-1,4-glycosidic bonds between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine residues in the peptidoglycan, leading to bacterial cell lysis. This makes it effective against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Lysozyme demonstrates broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. It is effective against both Gram-positive bacteria and Gram-negative bacteria. Its activity is typically measured by its ability to lyse Micrococcus luteus cells, which causes a decrease in the absorbance of the bacterial suspension. It is also effective against some viruses.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Lysozyme plays an important role in limiting bacterial growth on mucosal surfaces and other sites, controlling potential pathogens, and preventing dysbiosis by regulating the microbiota. It is a key component of the innate immune system and is also used as a food preservative and in pharmaceutical formulations.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro enzyme activity assay for Lysozyme involves incubating the enzyme with a suspension of Micrococcus luteus cells in a suitable buffer. The rate of cell lysis is measured by monitoring the decrease in absorbance at 450 nm over time. One unit of lysozyme activity is defined as the amount of enzyme that causes a decrease in absorbance of 0.001 per minute at pH 6.24 and 25°C.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell culture studies are not typically performed with Lysozyme, as it is an antimicrobial enzyme. However, its effects on bacterial cells can be studied in co-culture systems. It can be used to prevent bacterial contamination in cell culture media. Its immunomodulatory effects can be studied by treating immune cells with the enzyme and measuring cytokine production.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Lysozyme are not common. However, its role in the immune system can be studied in animal models of infection. Its efficacy as a food preservative can be assessed in animal feed studies. Its safety and efficacy as a pharmaceutical ingredient can be tested in animal models of oral mucositis.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Lysozyme is a protein with a molecular weight of approximately 14.4 kDa. It is typically supplied as a lyophilized powder or in aqueous solution. It is soluble in water and is stable at room temperature for short periods but is best stored at 4°C or -20°C for long-term stability. Its activity is optimal at pH 6.0-7.0.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Lysozyme indicate that it is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) for use in food. It is non-toxic and well-tolerated. It is not intended for human therapeutic use as a drug, although it is used as a food preservative and in some pharmaceutical formulations. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed.
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| Additional Infomation |
Lysozyme is a soluble protein immunogen used as a model antigen in laboratory studies of antibody-antigen binding and B-cell and T-cell responses. (NCI04) Lysozyme is an alkaline enzyme found in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal body fluids. It has antibacterial activity. This enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-β-glycosidic bonds between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.
Lysozyme is widely used as a food preservative to prevent the growth of bacteria, particularly in cheese and wine. It is also used as a research reagent to study bacterial cell walls and the immune system. It is not approved as a therapeutic drug in most countries, although it is used in some over-the-counter products for the treatment of oral mucositis and as a component of some eye drops. |
| Molecular Formula |
C99H159N37O23
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
2235.55586
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| Exact Mass |
2234.24
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| CAS # |
9001-63-2
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| PubChem CID |
16129749
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.5±0.1 g/cm3
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| Index of Refraction |
1.689
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| LogP |
-3.09
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
38
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
29
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
75
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
159
|
| Complexity |
5020
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
18
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| SMILES |
[H]/N=C(/NCCC[C@@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(N[C@H](C(=O)O)CCCN/C(=N/[H])/N)=O)CC(=O)N)=O)CCCN/C(=N/[H])/N)=O)CC1C2=C(C=CC=C2)NC=1)=O)C)=O)C(C)C)=O)CC1C2=C(C=CC=C2)NC=1)=O)C)=O)NC([C@H]([C@H](CC)C)NC(CNC([C@@H](NC([C@H]1N(C([C@@H](NC([C@@H](NC([C@H](C(C)C)NC([C@H](C(C)C)NC([C@H](CCCN/C(=N/[H])/N)N)=O)=O)=O)CCCN/C(=N/[H])/N)=O)CC(=O)O)=O)CCC1)=O)CCC(=O)N)=O)=O)=O)\N
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| InChi Key |
ZJCXKXFAOCLSRV-RYLVIXIQSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C99H159N37O23/c1-11-50(8)77(132-72(139)46-120-81(145)63(32-33-70(101)137)124-88(152)69-31-21-39-136(69)93(157)68(43-73(140)141)131-84(148)62(29-19-37-116-98(109)110)125-90(154)75(48(4)5)135-91(155)76(49(6)7)133-80(144)57(100)24-16-34-113-95(103)104)92(156)126-60(27-17-35-114-96(105)106)82(146)121-51(9)78(142)129-66(41-54-45-119-59-26-15-13-23-56(54)59)87(151)134-74(47(2)3)89(153)122-52(10)79(143)128-65(40-53-44-118-58-25-14-12-22-55(53)58)85(149)123-61(28-18-36-115-97(107)108)83(147)130-67(42-71(102)138)86(150)127-64(94(158)159)30-20-38-117-99(111)112/h12-15,22-23,25-26,44-45,47-52,57,60-69,74-77,118-119H,11,16-21,24,27-43,46,100H2,1-10H3,(H2,101,137)(H2,102,138)(H,120,145)(H,121,146)(H,122,153)(H,123,149)(H,124,152)(H,125,154)(H,126,156)(H,127,150)(H,128,143)(H,129,142)(H,130,147)(H,131,148)(H,132,139)(H,133,144)(H,134,151)(H,135,155)(H,140,141)(H,158,159)(H4,103,104,113)(H4,105,106,114)(H4,107,108,115)(H4,109,110,116)(H4,111,112,117)/t50-,51-,52-,57-,60-,61-,62-,63-,64-,65-,66-,67-,68-,69-,74-,75-,76-,77-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-[[(2S)-4-amino-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3S)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-5-amino-2-[[(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-3-carboxypropanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carbonyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-3-(1H-indol-3-yl)propanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoyl]amino]-4-oxobutanoyl]amino]-5-carbamimidamidopentanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~4.76 mg/mL
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.4473 mL | 2.2366 mL | 4.4732 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.0895 mL | 0.4473 mL | 0.8946 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0447 mL | 0.2237 mL | 0.4473 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Link: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05519254
Conditions:Diarrhea|Wasting|Malnutrition, ChildLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02925026
Conditions:Environmental Enteric DysfunctionLink: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01715493
Conditions:Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease|AsthmaProducts are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
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