| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary molecular target of lyngbyatoxin A is protein kinase C (PKC), a family of serine/threonine kinases that play critical roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Lyngbyatoxin A binds to the diacylglycerol (DAG) binding site of PKC with high affinity and activates the enzyme. It shows selectivity for conventional PKC isoforms (α, β, γ) over novel and atypical isoforms, and its binding is competitive with phorbol esters.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, lyngbyatoxin A activates PKC with an EC50 value in the nanomolar range. It induces ornithine decarboxylase activity, stimulates arachidonic acid release, and promotes cell proliferation in various cell types. The compound inhibits gap junctional intercellular communication and induces morphological transformation in cultured cells. It also activates NF-κB and AP-1 transcription factors and stimulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, lyngbyatoxin A is a potent tumor promoter in mouse skin carcinogenesis models. Topical application of the compound following initiation with DMBA results in the development of papillomas and carcinomas. It induces severe inflammatory responses in skin, characterized by erythema, edema, and polymorphonuclear leukocyte infiltration. The compound also causes contact dermatitis and has been used as a positive control in skin irritation studies.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
For PKC binding assays, recombinant PKC isoforms or rat brain cytosol are incubated with [3H]phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate in the presence of varying concentrations of lyngbyatoxin A. The assay buffer contains 20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1 mM CaCl2, 1 mM MgCl2, 0.1 mg/mL phosphatidylserine, and 0.1% BSA. Incubation is performed at 30°C for 30 minutes. Bound radioligand is separated by rapid filtration through GF/C filters and measured by liquid scintillation counting. IC50 values are calculated from competition curves.
|
| Cell Assay |
For PKC activity assays, purified PKC is incubated with histone H1 or a peptide substrate in the presence of [γ-32P]ATP, phosphatidylserine, diacylglycerol, and calcium. The reaction is initiated by adding ATP and incubated at 30°C for 10 minutes. Aliquots are spotted onto phosphocellulose paper and washed with phosphoric acid. Incorporated radioactivity is measured by liquid scintillation counting. For cell-based assays, cells are treated with lyngbyatoxin A, and PKC activation is assessed by measuring phosphorylation of specific substrates using Western blotting with phospho-specific antibodies.
|
| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo tumor promotion studies, mouse skin is initiated with a single topical application of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA). One week later, lyngbyatoxin A is applied topically twice weekly for 20 weeks. Papilloma incidence and multiplicity are recorded weekly. For inflammation studies, the compound is applied to mouse ears, and ear thickness is measured with a micrometer. Myeloperoxidase activity in ear biopsies is measured as a marker of neutrophil infiltration. For systemic toxicity studies, lyngbyatoxin A is administered intraperitoneally or intravenously to mice and rats, and clinical signs and histopathological changes are monitored.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Lyngbyatoxin A belongs to the indole class of compounds. It has been reported to be present in Streptomyces, Echinochloa, and other organisms with relevant data.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C27H39N3O2
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
437.61746
|
| Exact Mass |
437.304
|
| CAS # |
70497-14-2
|
| PubChem CID |
91706
|
| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
|
| Density |
1.06 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
665.1ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Flash Point |
356ºC
|
| Source |
Originated from microorganisms: Streptomyces
|
| LogP |
5.245
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
32
|
| Complexity |
701
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
|
| SMILES |
CC(C)C1C(=O)NC(CC2=CNC3=C(C=CC(=C23)N1C)C(C)(CCC=C(C)C)C=C)CO
|
| InChi Key |
KISDGNGREAJPQR-OICBGKIFSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C27H39N3O2/c1-8-27(6,13-9-10-17(2)3)21-11-12-22-23-19(15-28-24(21)23)14-20(16-31)29-26(32)25(18(4)5)30(22)7/h8,10-12,15,18,20,25,28,31H,1,9,13-14,16H2,2-7H3,(H,29,32)/t20-,25-,27-/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(10S,13S)-5-[(3R)-3,7-dimethylocta-1,6-dien-3-yl]-13-(hydroxymethyl)-9-methyl-10-propan-2-yl-3,9,12-triazatricyclo[6.6.1.04,15]pentadeca-1,4,6,8(15)-tetraen-11-one
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.2851 mL | 11.4254 mL | 22.8509 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4570 mL | 2.2851 mL | 4.5702 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2285 mL | 1.1425 mL | 2.2851 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
