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| Targets |
Luteolin-7-rutinoside targets multiple signaling pathways involved in inflammation and oxidative stress. The compound inhibits the PI3K/AKT/AMPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, thereby alleviating LPS-induced acute liver injury and inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. It exerts antioxidant effects by scavenging free radicals and modulating inflammation-related signaling pathways, providing anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. The compound also exhibits antiallergic, antimicrobial, and antimutagenic activities. Its diverse biological activities make it a promising candidate for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious diseases.
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| ln Vitro |
Proliferation was approximately 47% lower at a dose of 10 μg Luteolin-7-rutinoside/mL than when Luteolin-7-rutinoside-treated (control) T cells proliferated (p<0.05). The T cell proliferation rate of luteolin-7-rutinoside at 40 μg/mL was nearly identical to that of luteolin-7-rutinoside at 20 μg/mL. The inhibitory activity varies with the dose. Treatment with luteolin-7-rutinoside quickly causes a Th2-type response to replace the Th1-type response in the Th1-Th2 equilibrium. Macrophages' ability to produce nitric oxide (NO) is inhibited by luteolin-7-rutinoside [1].
In vitro studies demonstrate that Luteolin-7-rutinoside has both anti-arthritic and antifungal activities. The compound inhibits the PI3K/AKT/AMPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. It scavenges DPPH radicals, demonstrating its antioxidant capacity. The compound also exhibits antiallergic, antimicrobial, and antimutagenic activities. Its ability to modulate multiple signaling pathways and scavenge free radicals contributes to its anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective effects. Luteolin-7-rutinoside has been shown to protect against LPS-induced acute liver injury. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies of Luteolin-7-rutinoside have demonstrated its protective effects against LPS-induced acute liver injury. The compound alleviates liver injury by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT/AMPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Its anti-arthritic activity has also been reported, suggesting potential therapeutic applications for inflammatory joint diseases. In vivo protocols typically involve administration of the compound via oral gavage or intraperitoneal injection. Endpoints include assessment of liver function, inflammatory cytokine levels, and histopathological examination. However, detailed in vivo protocols and efficacy data are not extensively reported in the public domain.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For anti-inflammatory assays, immune cells (e.g., macrophages) are cultured in appropriate medium and stimulated with LPS in the presence or absence of Luteolin-7-rutinoside (0.1-100 µM). After 4-24 hours, culture supernatants are collected, and cytokine levels (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β) are measured by ELISA. For antioxidant assays, the compound's ability to scavenge DPPH radicals is measured spectrophotometrically. For NF-κB signaling studies, cells are lysed and analyzed for NF-κB nuclear translocation and phosphorylation of signaling proteins (PI3K, AKT, AMPK) by Western blot. For antifungal assays, the compound is tested against C. albicans and other fungal strains using broth microdilution methods to determine MIC values.
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| Cell Assay |
For cellular studies, immune cells (e.g., macrophages) or other cell lines are cultured in appropriate medium (RPMI-1640 or DMEM) with 10% FBS and antibiotics. Cells are seeded in 6-well or 96-well plates. Luteolin-7-rutinoside is dissolved in DMSO and diluted in culture medium to final concentrations (typically 0.1-100 µM). Cells are pre-treated with the compound for 1-2 hours, then stimulated with LPS (0.1-1 µg/ml) for 4-24 hours. Cytokine production is measured by ELISA. Cell viability is assessed by MTT assay. For mechanistic studies, cells are lysed and analyzed for signaling proteins by Western blot. For antifungal assays, fungal cells are cultured and treated with the compound, and cell viability is assessed.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo efficacy studies, adult mice (6-8 weeks old) are used. Luteolin-7-rutinoside is dissolved in vehicle (e.g., 0.5% methylcellulose or saline) and administered orally or intraperitoneally at doses of 1-50 mg/kg. For LPS-induced acute liver injury models, mice are treated with the compound for 1-7 days before LPS injection (5-10 mg/kg, i.p.). Blood samples are collected 6-24 hours after LPS challenge for measurement of liver enzymes (ALT, AST) and cytokine levels. Liver tissues are harvested for histopathological examination (H&E staining) and analysis of inflammatory markers. For arthritis models, mice may be treated with the compound and clinical scores, joint swelling, and inflammatory markers are assessed.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic data for Luteolin-7-rutinoside are limited, as the compound is a natural product used primarily as a research reagent. As a flavonoid glycoside with a molecular weight of 594.52, the compound is expected to have low oral bioavailability due to poor absorption and extensive metabolism. Its metabolism likely involves deglycosylation and hepatic metabolism. However, no dedicated pharmacokinetic studies have been reported. The compound is primarily used in vitro and is not intended for in vivo pharmacokinetic characterization.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Luteolin-7-rutinoside are limited, as the compound is a natural product used as a research reagent. In preclinical studies, the compound has been shown to be well-tolerated at pharmacologically active doses. No acute toxicity, organ-specific toxicity, or mutagenicity data have been reported. As with all research compounds, appropriate safety precautions should be taken when handling Luteolin-7-rutinoside, including the use of personal protective equipment and work in a well-ventilated area.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Luteolin-7-rutinoside has been reported in Saussurea involucrata, Thyme capitulata, and other organisms with available data.
Luteolin-7-rutinoside (CAS 20633-84-5) is a flavonoid glycoside with a molecular formula of C₂₇H₃₀O₁₅ and a molecular weight of 594.52. It has both anti-arthritic and antifungal activities and can be used for the treatment of fungal arthritis due to C. albicans infection. The compound inhibits the PI3K/AKT/AMPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, alleviating LPS-induced acute liver injury and inhibiting TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β production. It also exerts antioxidant effects and scavenges free radicals. Luteolin-7-rutinoside is a valuable research tool for studying inflammation, oxidative stress, and infectious diseases and is strictly for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C27H30O15
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
594.518
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| Exact Mass |
594.158
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| CAS # |
20633-84-5
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| PubChem CID |
10461109
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.8±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
954.0±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
192-196 °C
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| Flash Point |
316.9±27.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.3 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.747
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| LogP |
1.35
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
9
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
15
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
42
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| Complexity |
979
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
10
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)OC3=CC(=C4C(=C3)OC(=CC4=O)C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
MGYBYJXAXUBTQF-FOBVWLSUSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C27H30O15/c1-9-20(32)22(34)24(36)26(39-9)38-8-18-21(33)23(35)25(37)27(42-18)40-11-5-14(30)19-15(31)7-16(41-17(19)6-11)10-2-3-12(28)13(29)4-10/h2-7,9,18,20-30,32-37H,8H2,1H3/t9-,18+,20-,21+,22+,23-,24+,25+,26+,27+/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-[[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.6820 mL | 8.4101 mL | 16.8203 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3364 mL | 1.6820 mL | 3.3641 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1682 mL | 0.8410 mL | 1.6820 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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