| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The compound is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen (TACA). It is not a drug that binds to a single protein target. Instead, it is a cell surface glycan epitope recognized by antibodies and lectins. Its role in cancer involves promoting tumor cell adhesion and spreading via the integrin-fibronectin pathway, as well as activating FAK signaling and upregulating Bcl-2/Bcl-XL, which leads to cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR).
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| ln Vitro |
The activation of the FAK signaling pathway and the upregulation of Bcl-2/Bcl-XL expression by Lewis Y tetrasaccharide enhance the ovarian cancer cells' cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) [1]. In ovarian cancer-derived cells, Lewis Y tetrasaccharide increases integrin α5β1 levels and enhances LeY (RMG-1-hFUT) expression [2]. In ovarian cancer RMG-1 cells, Lewis Y tetrasaccharide increases the adhesion and spreading capability mediated by the integrin-fibronectin connection [2]. RMG-1-hFUT cells cultivated in vivo were shown to be considerably inhibited in terms of adhesion and proliferation by anti-LeY antibody (10 μg/mL; 37 °C; 24 hours) [2].
Not applicable as a drug; this compound is an antigen involved in cell adhesion. In ovarian cancer RMG-1 cells, Lewis Y tetrasaccharide increases the adhesion and spreading capability mediated by the integrin-fibronectin connection. It activates the FAK signaling pathway and upregulates Bcl-2/Bcl-XL expression, enhancing cell adhesion-mediated drug resistance (CAM-DR) in ovarian cancer cells. |
| ln Vivo |
Not applicable. This compound is used as a research and diagnostic tool. Its in vivo role is as a tumor antigen, where its presence on the cell surface is associated with malignant behavior and treatment resistance. It is an important subject for the development of cancer vaccines and targeted immunotherapy, such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) targeting LeY.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Not applicable; as a sugar chain, this compound is not evaluated in standard enzyme or receptor binding assays. Its function is typically studied using antibodies that recognize the Lewis Y epitope in ELISA or flow cytometry assays. The binding of anti-Lewis Y antibodies to the immobilized or cell-surface glycan can be measured as a method to study its presence and accessibility.
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| Cell Assay |
Typically, cancer cells expressing Lewis y (e.g., ovarian cancer cell lines) are incubated with fluorescently labeled antibodies or lectins specific to Lewis y. The binding and internalization are visualized under a fluorescence microscope or quantified by flow cytometry. To study its functional role, RMG-1 cells are seeded on fibronectin-coated plates and treated with or without Lewis Y tetrasaccharide. Cell adhesion and spreading are quantified microscopically. Western blotting is performed to measure the activation of FAK (p-FAK) and expression of Bcl-2 family proteins.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experimental procedures were not detailed in the available literature. A typical in vivo study would involve a mouse xenograft model using LeY-positive ovarian cancer cells (e.g., RMG-1). Mice would be treated with an anti-LeY antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) or vaccine. Tumor growth inhibition and survival would be measured. The tetrasaccharide itself is used as an antigen for immunization in these studies.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Not applicable. Pharmacokinetic properties are not relevant for this tumor antigen. As a cell surface glycan, it is not administered systemically as a drug. Its role is as a target for therapeutic antibodies, not as a therapeutic itself.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Not applicable. As a naturally occurring carbohydrate structure on human cells, its presence is not toxic. It is a normal blood group antigen, but its overexpression on tumors is a marker of disease, not the cause of direct toxicity.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
α-L-fucosylosyl-(1->2)-β-D-galactosyl-(1->4)-[α-L-fucosylosyl-(1->3)]-β-DN-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) is a branched-chain aminotetrasaccharide with an N-acetyl-β-D-glucosamine residue linked to its reducing end, an α-L-fucosylosyl residue at position 3, and an α-L-fucosylosyl-(1->2)-β-D-galactosyl residue at position 4. It is a cancer-associated tetrasaccharide antigen and forms the core structure recognized by the therapeutic antibody BR96. The conformational restriction surrounding the GlcNAc residues is a key structural feature. It functions as both an antigen and an epitope.
The Lewis y antigen is a promising target for cancer immunotherapy. Several anti-Lewis Y antibodies and ADCs have been developed and have entered clinical trials for the treatment of ovarian, breast, and other solid tumors. As such, Lewis y tetrasaccharide is an important research tool for biomarker discovery and therapeutic development, though the tetrasaccharide itself is not a drug. |
| Molecular Formula |
C26H45NO19
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
675.63100
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| Exact Mass |
675.259
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| CAS # |
82993-43-9
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| PubChem CID |
45266908
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-6.9
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
12
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
19
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
46
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| Complexity |
997
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
20
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]1[C@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O1)O[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O[C@@H]([C@H]2O[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O)O[C@H]4[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](O4)C)O)O)O)CO)O)NC(=O)C)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
SRHNADOZAAWYLV-XLMUYGLTSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C26H45NO19/c1-6-12(31)15(34)18(37)24(40-6)45-21-11(27-8(3)30)23(39)42-10(5-29)20(21)44-26-22(17(36)14(33)9(4-28)43-26)46-25-19(38)16(35)13(32)7(2)41-25/h6-7,9-26,28-29,31-39H,4-5H2,1-3H3,(H,27,30)/t6-,7-,9+,10+,11+,12+,13+,14-,15+,16+,17-,18-,19-,20+,21+,22+,23+,24-,25-,26-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
N-[(2R,3R,4R,5S,6R)-5-[(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-3-[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-2-hydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-[(2S,3S,4R,5S,6S)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-methyloxan-2-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]acetamide
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.4801 mL | 7.4005 mL | 14.8010 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2960 mL | 1.4801 mL | 2.9602 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1480 mL | 0.7401 mL | 1.4801 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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