| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 500mg | ||
| 1g | ||
| Other Sizes |
Levocabastine (R-50547) is a long acting and selective antihistaminic (histamine H1-receptor antagonist) with anti-allergic activity. It is used for allergic conjunctivitis. Also a neurotensin receptor subtype 2 (NTR2) antagonist (Ki = 17 nM for mNTR2).
| ln Vitro |
Levocabastine (0-1000 μM; HEK-293 cells) exhibits a concentration-dependent effect on the binding of 125I-FN to the α4β1 integrin linked with SPA beads, with an IC50 of 406.2 μm [3]. Levocarbastine (0-1000 μM; 30 min; EoL-1 and Jurkat cells) suppresses in vitro the α4β1 integrin/VCAM-1-mediated cell adhesion. Levocabastine inhibits the α4β1 integrin-dependent adhesion of Jurkat cells to VCAM-1, exhibiting an IC50 of 395.6 μM, and an IC50 of 403.6 μM for EoL-1 cells. Furthermore, human eosinophil adherence to VCAM-1-coated wells can be inhibited by levocabastine (IC50=443.7 μM) [3].
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| ln Vivo |
Levocarbastine (R 50547; 0.25 mg/kg; intraperitoneally; twice daily for five days; administered to parainfluenza 3 (PI-3) virus-infected guinea pigs) prevents hyperresponsiveness of the airways caused by the virus [1]. Levocarbastine (0.05 mg/kg; single intraperitoneal injection; male C57BL/6J mice) can prevent β-LT's behavioral anti-stress effect [2]. Levocarbastine causes allergic conjunctivitis (AC) and a marked elevation of conjunctival VLA-4 when administered once to ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs (500 µg/eye; eye drops) [3].
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Parainfluenza-3 (PI-3) virus guinea pig [1]
Doses: 0.25 mg/kg Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection; twice (two times) daily for five days Experimental Results: Inhibition of bronchoalveolar cell influx and increased albumin content . Animal/Disease Models: Male C57BL/6J mice (8-9 weeks old) [2] Doses: 0.05 mg/kg; 30 mg/kg (β-LT) Route of Administration: intraperitoneal (ip) injection; primary Experimental Results:blocking β-LT Anti-anxiety effect and reduce the number of head bowing. Animal/Disease Models: Ovalbumin-sensitized guinea pigs [3] Doses: 500 µg/eye Route of Administration: One eye drop Experimental Results: Significant protective effect on allergic conjunctivitis (AC) and preventing the increase in conjunctival VLA-4 and conjunctival eosinophilic infiltration. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Levocabastine is absorbed systemically after being administered as eye drops, but at a low level. Metabolism/Metabolites Most of it is metabolized unchanged. 10%–20% is metabolized to levocabastine acyl glucuronide. Biological Half-Life 36 hours (after oral administration) |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Effects During Pregnancy and Lactation
◉ Overview of Use During Lactation Due to limited absorption through the eyes, levocabastine is not expected to cause any adverse reactions in breastfed infants. After using the eye drops, to significantly reduce the amount of medication entering breast milk, press the tear duct at the corner of the eye for at least 1 minute, then blot away any excess medication with absorbent tissue. ◉ Effects on Breastfed Infants As of the revision date, no published information was found regarding levocabastine. In a telephone follow-up study, mothers reported irritability and colic symptoms in 10% of infants exposed to various antihistamines, and drowsiness in 1.6% of infants. All reactions did not require medical attention. ◉ Effects on Lactation and Breast Milk Higher doses of antihistamines can lower baseline serum prolactin levels in non-lactating women and early postpartum women. However, pre-administration of antihistamines by postpartum mothers does not affect suckling-induced prolactin secretion. Whether lower doses of oral antihistamines have the same effect on serum prolactin, and whether their effect on prolactin has any impact on breastfeeding success, is currently unknown. For mothers who have established lactation, their prolactin levels may not affect their ability to breastfeed. |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Levocabastine belongs to the piperidine class of compounds. Levocabastine is a selective second-generation H1 receptor antagonist used to treat allergic conjunctivitis. Levocabastine was discovered in 1979 by Janssen Pharmaceuticals. Levocabastine is a synthetic piperidine derivative with antihistamine properties. Levocabastine is a second-generation histamine-1 receptor antagonist. When instilled into the eye as a topical solution, it relieves itching, runny nose, and symptoms of allergic rhinitis or conjunctivitis. Indications: As an ophthalmic medication, it is used to temporarily relieve the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis. It is also available as a nasal spray for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Mechanism of Action: Levocabastine is a potent, selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist. Levocabastine acts by competing with histamine for H1 receptor sites on effector cells. Therefore, it blocks (but cannot reverse) the response mediated solely by histamine. L-carbastine does not block the release of histamine, but rather inhibits its binding and activity. L-carbastine can also bind to neurotensin II receptors and act as a neurotensin agonist. This can produce a degree of analgesia.
Pharmacodynamics L-carbastine is a selective histamine H1 receptor antagonist that inhibits the release of chemical mediators from mast cells and the chemotaxis of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and eosinophils. L-carbastine can inhibit histamine- and antigen-induced conjunctivitis. L-carbastine can also alleviate the symptoms of allergic rhinitis by inhibiting increased vascular permeability of the nasal mucosa. |
| Molecular Formula |
C26H29N2O2F
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
420.51906
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| Exact Mass |
420.221
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| CAS # |
79516-68-0
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| Related CAS # |
Levocabastine hydrochloride;79547-78-7
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| PubChem CID |
54385
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.23 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
589.9ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
310.5ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.606
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| LogP |
4.831
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
31
|
| Complexity |
681
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
|
| SMILES |
C[C@@H]1CN(CC[C@@]1(C2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)O)C3CCC(CC3)(C#N)C4=CC=C(C=C4)F
|
| InChi Key |
ZCGOMHNNNFPNMX-YHYDXASRSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C26H29FN2O2/c1-19-17-29(16-15-26(19,24(30)31)21-5-3-2-4-6-21)23-11-13-25(18-28,14-12-23)20-7-9-22(27)10-8-20/h2-10,19,23H,11-17H2,1H3,(H,30,31)/t19-,23?,25?,26-/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(3S,4R)-1-[4-cyano-4-(4-fluorophenyl)cyclohexyl]-3-methyl-4-phenylpiperidine-4-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3780 mL | 11.8900 mL | 23.7801 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4756 mL | 2.3780 mL | 4.7560 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2378 mL | 1.1890 mL | 2.3780 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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