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| ln Vitro |
L-Leucine (10 mM) treatment impairs the growth of endocrine progenitor cells [1]. In E13.5 scaffold explants, without the addition of L-Leucine, Ngn3 mRNA levels increased after 1 day of culture, reached a peak in the first 3 days, and then decreased. Ngn3 mRNA levels were significantly reduced when L-leucine was added. The decrease in Ngn3 mRNA levels paralleled the decrease in the number of Ngn3-expressing cells (4728±408 vs. 959±28; P<0.01). Finally, L-leucine also exerts a dose-dependent inhibitory effect on the mRNA levels of three genes, namely Ngn3, its target Insm1, and insulin [1]. Leucine stimulates protein synthesis in neonatal pig muscle by enhancing the activation of mTORC1. L-Leucine increases intracellular HIF-1α and activates excess HIF-1α signaling, both of which are directed by mTOR signaling. This process results in Ngn3 inhibition, thereby reducing beta cell levels [1]. L-Leucine stimulates mTORC1 tRNA synthase-promoting activity on the GTP-activating protein of mTORC1[2] by stimulating a phospholipid-based mechanism involving light templates.
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| ln Vivo |
In diet-induced obese (DIO) mice, resveratrol (12.5 mg/kg diet) plus leucine (24 g/kg diet) enhances adipose Sirt1 activity [2]. When used in combination, mice's body weight can be greatly decreased.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Sixweeks old male C57/BL6 black mouse (high-fat feed plus fat-induced obesity) [1]
Doses: 24 g Weight gain, visceral adipose tissue mass, fat oxidation and Thermogenesis[2]. /kg diet; Resveratrol (low dose; 12.5 mg/kg diet) dosing: 6 weeks Experimental Results: Combination treatment with resveratrol (low dose; 12.5 mg/kg diet) resulted in weight gain, body weight gain, and visceral fat There is a significant reduction in tissue mass, fat oxidation and thermogenesis, and an associated decrease in respiratory exchange ratio (RER), particularly during the dark (feeding) cycle. |
| References |
[1]. Baoshan Xu, et al. Stimulation of mTORC1 with L-leucine rescues defects associated with Roberts syndrome. PLoS Genet. 2013;9(10):e1003857.
[2]. Bruckbauer A, et al. Synergistic effects of leucine and resveratrol on insulin sensitivity and fat metabolism in adipocytes and mice. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2012 Aug 22;9(1):77. [3]. Rachdi L, et al. L-leucine alters pancreatic β-cell differentiation and function via the mTor signaling pathway. Diabetes. 2012 Feb;61(2):409-17. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H13NO2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
131.17
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| Exact Mass |
131.0946
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| CAS # |
61-90-5
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| Related CAS # |
L-Leucine-d10;106972-44-5;L-Leucine-13C;74292-94-7;L-Leucine-d2;362049-59-0;L-Leucine-13C6;201740-84-3;Leucine-13C6;L-Leucine-15N;59935-31-8;L-Leucine-1-13C,15N;80134-83-4;L-Leucine-13C6,15N;202406-52-8;L-Leucine-d3;87828-86-2;L-Leucine-18O2;73579-45-0;L-Leucine-d;89836-93-1;L-Leucine-15N,d10;L-Leucine-d7;92751-17-2;L-Leucine-2-13C;201612-66-0;L-Leucine-2-13C,15N;285977-88-0
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| SMILES |
O([H])C([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H])N([H])[H])=O
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| Synonyms |
Leucinum; FEMA No. 3297; Leucine
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~8.33 mg/mL (~63.51 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Solubility in Formulation 1: 6.25 mg/mL (47.65 mM) in PBS (add these co-solvents sequentially from left to right, and one by one), suspension solution; with sonication (<60°C).
(Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 7.6237 mL | 38.1185 mL | 76.2369 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.5247 mL | 7.6237 mL | 15.2474 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7624 mL | 3.8118 mL | 7.6237 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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