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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
L-(-)-m-Tyrosine does not have a single defined molecular target. It acts as a false neurotransmitter precursor. It is decarboxylated in vivo to m-tyramine, which stimulates dopamine receptors, presumably accounting for its pharmacological effects. It also reduces the levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in rats. By depleting these neurotransmitters, it can modulate central nervous system function.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, L-(-)-m-Tyrosine is an unnatural amino acid that is used as a research tool. Its activity is primarily characterized by its ability to be decarboxylated to m-tyramine and to deplete brain catecholamines and serotonin. Detailed in vitro activity data, such as IC₅₀ values for receptor binding, are not extensively reported.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, L-(-)-m-Tyrosine produces approximately 50% depletion of brain catecholamines and serotonin at 150 mg/kg (i.p.) within 1 hour in rodent models. It is a plant metabolite that has potential usefulness in research into Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and arthritis. Its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier and be decarboxylated to m-tyramine is key to its pharmacological effects.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Non-cell-based assays for L-(-)-m-Tyrosine are not typical, as it is a non-natural amino acid. However, its ability to be decarboxylated by aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase can be assessed using enzyme activity assays with purified enzyme. Its effects on catecholamine synthesis can be studied using cell-free systems.
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| Cell Assay |
Cellular assays for L-(-)-m-Tyrosine are performed using neuronal cell cultures. Cells are treated with the compound, and the levels of catecholamines and serotonin are measured by HPLC. Its ability to deplete these neurotransmitters is quantified. Its effects on dopamine receptor signaling can be assessed using cells expressing dopamine receptors.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal models for L-(-)-m-Tyrosine include rodent models of Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and arthritis. The compound is administered intraperitoneally, and its effects on neurotransmitter levels, behavior, and disease markers are assessed. These studies confirm its potential for treating these diseases.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
L-(-)-m-Tyrosine has a molecular weight of 181.19 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₉H₁₁NO₃. Its CAS number is 587-33-7. The compound is supplied as a solid with a purity of >98%. It is soluble in water and organic solvents. Storage conditions: -20°C. The compound is a non-natural amino acid. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters such as half-life and bioavailability are not extensively reported.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Detailed toxicological data for L-(-)-m-Tyrosine are not extensively reported in the available literature. As a research compound, its safety profile would need to be established through standard preclinical toxicity assessments. The compound is intended for research use only and is not for human consumption. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Lm-tyrosine is a hydroxyphenylalanine, formed by introducing a hydroxyl substituent at the 3-position of L-phenylalanine. It is a plant metabolite. It is a hydroxyphenylalanine derivative of L-phenylalanine, belonging to the non-protein L-α-amino acid family and is also a member of the phenolic class of compounds. It is a zwitterion tautomer of Lm-tyrosine.
L-(-)-m-Tyrosine is also known as L-m-Tyrosine and 3-Hydroxy-L-Phenylalanine. It is a non-natural amino acid and a plant metabolite. It crosses the blood-brain barrier and is decarboxylated to m-tyramine, which stimulates dopamine receptors. L-m-Tyrosine depletes brain catecholamines and serotonin. It displays potential in treating Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and arthritis. Its CAS number is 587-33-7. |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H11NO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
181.19
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| Exact Mass |
181.073
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| CAS # |
587-33-7
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| PubChem CID |
6950578
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
387.2±32.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
260-270ºC
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| Flash Point |
188.0±25.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±0.9 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.614
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| LogP |
0.38
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
13
|
| Complexity |
184
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
O([H])C([C@]([H])(C([H])([H])C1C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C(C=1[H])O[H])N([H])[H])=O
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| InChi Key |
JZKXXXDKRQWDET-QMMMGPOBSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H11NO3/c10-8(9(12)13)5-6-2-1-3-7(11)4-6/h1-4,8,11H,5,10H2,(H,12,13)/t8-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-amino-3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid
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| Synonyms |
L(-)mTyrosine; L (-) m Tyrosine; L-(-)-m-Tyrosine
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO :< 1 mg/mL
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.5191 mL | 27.5953 mL | 55.1907 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1038 mL | 5.5191 mL | 11.0381 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5519 mL | 2.7595 mL | 5.5191 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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