| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
As an internal standard, it has no biological target. Its purpose is to correct for analytical variability. The parent compound targets the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) and can be converted to neuroactive metabolites (kynurenic acid, quinolinic acid). However, the labeled version is inert and not used for receptor binding studies.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Drug compounds have included stable heavy isotopes of carbon, hydrogen, and other elements, mostly as quantitative tracers while the drugs were being developed. Because deuteration may have an effect on a drug's pharmacokinetics and metabolic properties, it is a cause for concern [1].
No in vitro biological activity. It is used solely as a spike‑in standard. In enzyme activity assays (e.g., IDO/TDO activity), the labeled standard may be added to quantify kynurenine production, but it does not affect enzyme activity itself. |
| ln Vivo |
No in vivo activity. It is not administered therapeutically. In pharmacokinetic or metabolic studies, it is added ex vivo to plasma or cerebrospinal fluid samples to enable accurate measurement of endogenous L‑kynurenine.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
Not applicable for binding assays. For analytical protocols, a stock solution (1 mg/mL in water or methanol) is prepared. An aliquot is added to biological samples (plasma, serum, CSF) to a final concentration of 10‑100 ng/mL. Proteins are precipitated with perchloric acid or acetonitrile. The supernatant is neutralized and injected onto a C18 column with mobile phase (0.1% formic acid in water/acetonitrile). MRM detection: m/z 213 → 151 for the labeled standard (or similar).
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| Cell Assay |
Not applicable. In cell culture, the standard can be added to medium to measure kynurenine production by immune cells. Cells are stimulated with IFN‑γ, and conditioned medium is collected, spiked with IS, and analyzed. No functional assays are performed with the IS alone.
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| Animal Protocol |
Not applicable as a therapeutic. In animal studies, the IS is used to quantify kynurenine in plasma or brain tissues of dosed animals. The animals are treated with test compounds, and blood/tissue is collected, spiked with IS, and processed for LC‑MS.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetics of the labeled standard are not relevant. It is stable at ‑20°C, soluble in water, and has high isotopic purity. It should be protected from light.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity not applicable; standard precautions. Not for human use.
|
| References |
|
| Additional Infomation |
L‑Kynurenine‑d4 is a key internal standard for metabolomics and neuropsychiatric research. It is available from multiple suppliers. Store desiccated.
|
| Exact Mass |
212.109
|
|---|---|
| CAS # |
194546-33-3
|
| Related CAS # |
L-Kynurenine;2922-83-0;L-Kynurenine-d4-1 hydrochloride
|
| PubChem CID |
132209605
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
|
| LogP |
-2.2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
15
|
| Complexity |
255
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
|
| SMILES |
[2H]C1=C(C(=C(C(=C1[2H])C(=O)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N)N)[2H])[2H]
|
| InChi Key |
YGPSJZOEDVAXAB-FCDGGRDXSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H12N2O3/c11-7-4-2-1-3-6(7)9(13)5-8(12)10(14)15/h1-4,8H,5,11-12H2,(H,14,15)/t8-/m0/s1/i1D,2D,3D,4D
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-amino-4-(2-amino-3,4,5,6-tetradeuteriophenyl)-4-oxobutanoic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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