| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 100mg |
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| 500mg |
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| 1g |
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| Targets |
L-Cysteine S-sulfate targets the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamatergic receptor. It is a potent NMDA receptor agonist with selectivity over the AMPA receptor (EC50s = 8.2 and 59 µM, respectively). The compound activates NMDA receptors, leading to calcium influx and downstream signaling. It is also a substrate for cystine lyase. By activating NMDA receptors, L-Cysteine S-sulfate modulates glutamatergic neurotransmission and can be used to study NMDA receptor function in neuroscience research.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, L-Cysteine S-sulfate acts as an NMDA receptor agonist with EC50 = 8.2 µM in radioligand binding assays. It induces calcium influx and activates calpain-dependent degradation of gephyrin at 100 µM. The compound is cytotoxic to primary mouse neuronal cells at 200 µM. It is a substrate for cystine lyase and can be used in mass spectrometry and chromatography analyses. These in vitro activities make L-Cysteine S-sulfate a valuable tool for studying NMDA receptor function, excitotoxicity, and neuronal signaling.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, L-Cysteine S-sulfate (2 mM) increases swimming and seizure-like movements, indicating neurodegeneration, in zebrafish larvae when administered three days post-fertilization. Urinary and plasma levels of S-sulfocysteine are increased in patients with molybdenum cofactor deficiency. These findings suggest that elevated levels of this compound are associated with neurotoxicity and neurological dysfunction. The compound can be used to model excitotoxicity and study the role of NMDA receptors in neurological disorders.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro radioligand binding assays are used to characterize L-Cysteine S-sulfate's interaction with NMDA and AMPA receptors. Membrane preparations from brain tissue or cells expressing the receptors are incubated with radiolabeled ligands and varying concentrations of the compound. Displacement of the radioligand is measured, and EC50 values are calculated from dose-response curves (NMDA: 8.2 µM; AMPA: 59 µM). Calcium influx assays using fluorescent indicators measure NMDA receptor activation.
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| Cell Assay |
Cell-based assays for L-Cysteine S-sulfate are conducted in primary neuronal cell cultures. Cells are treated with the compound at concentrations ranging from 100-200 µM. Calcium influx is measured using fluorescent calcium indicators such as Fura-2 or Fluo-4. Cytotoxicity is assessed by LDH release or MTT assays. Gephyrin degradation is evaluated by Western blot analysis using anti-gephyrin antibodies. These assays characterize the compound's neurotoxic and signaling effects.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with L-Cysteine S-sulfate have been conducted in zebrafish larvae. The compound is administered at 2 mM three days post-fertilization, and behavioral effects including swimming and seizure-like movements are observed. These effects indicate neurodegeneration. The compound can also be studied in rodent models of excitotoxicity, though specific protocols are limited. Researchers should consult primary literature for detailed protocols.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
S-sulfocysteine is produced by the reaction of inorganic sulfite and cysteine via an undefined pathway (A15402). Sulfite is produced through the catabolism of the sulfur-containing amino acids cysteine and methionine (A3499). Pharmacokinetic properties of L-Cysteine S-sulfate include high water solubility: 225 mg/mL (1118.2 mM) in H2O. The compound is a solid with molecular weight 201.22. Storage: powder at -20°C for 3 years; in solvent at -80°C for 1 year. Specific PK parameters such as half-life, bioavailability, and tissue distribution have not been extensively reported. The compound is primarily used as a research tool for neuroscience applications. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicity Summary
S-sulfocysteine (SSC) is a potent NMDA receptor agonist. Electrophysiological studies have shown that SSC possesses depolarizing properties similar to glutamate. Subcutaneous and intracerebral injections of SSC in young rats can lead to brain damage. In addition to activating NMDA receptors, elevated SSC levels may also exert neurotoxicity by inhibiting the rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione synthesis (A15403), thereby reducing the level of intracellular free radical scavengers (A15402). L-Cysteine S-sulfate is cytotoxic to primary mouse neuronal cells at 200 µM. At 2 mM, it induces neurodegeneration in zebrafish larvae. Elevated urinary and plasma levels are observed in patients with molybdenum cofactor deficiency. The compound is for research use only and is not approved for human therapeutic use. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling L-Cysteine S-sulfate. |
| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
S-sulfo-L-cysteine is an S-substituted L-cysteine, where the S-substituent is designated as a sulfonyl group. It is a metabolite found in both plants and humans. It is an organic thiosulfate and an S-substituted L-cysteine. It is the conjugate acid of S-sulfo-L-cysteine (1-). Cysteine-S-sulfate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (K12 strain, MG1655 strain). S-sulfocysteine has been reported in Daphnia davidii, Arabidopsis thaliana, and other organisms with relevant data. S-sulfocysteine (SSC) is produced by the reaction of inorganic sulfite and cysteine via an undefined pathway and is a highly potent NMDA receptor agonist. Electrophysiological studies have shown that sulfite (SSC) possesses depolarizing properties similar to glutamate. Elevated sulfite cofactor (SSC) levels are observed in patients with molybdenum cofactor deficiency (MOCOD, an autosomal recessive genetic disorder causing a combined deficiency of sulfite oxidase (an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of sulfite to inorganic sulfate), xanthine dehydrogenase, and aldehyde oxidase) or isolated sulfite oxidase deficiency (ISOD, an extremely rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder with clinical manifestations similar to MOCOD). This rare disease is associated with brain injury (epilepsy, spastic quadriplegia, and cerebral atrophy), intellectual disability, lens dislocation, blindness, and abnormally high urinary excretion of SSC, sulfite, and thiosulfate (but no inorganic sulfate). (A15402, A15407)
L-Cysteine S-sulfate has CAS number 1637-71-4, molecular formula C3H7NO5S2, and molecular weight 201.22. Synonyms: S-Sulfo-L-cysteine, L-S-Sulphocysteine. It is an effective NMDA glutamatergic receptor agonist with EC50 = 8.2 µM. It is a substrate for cystine lyase. Purity: typically ≥98%. Solubility: H2O 225 mg/mL (1118.2 mM). Storage: powder at -20°C for 3 years; in solvent at -80°C for 1 year. Not for human use; for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C3H7NO6S2
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| Molecular Weight |
217.22078
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| Exact Mass |
200.977
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| CAS # |
1637-71-4
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| Related CAS # |
L-Cysteine S-sulfate sodium hydrate;150465-29-5
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| PubChem CID |
115015
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Melting Point |
184-185ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.604
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| LogP |
0.715
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
11
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| Complexity |
229
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C([C@@H](C(=O)O)N)SS(=O)(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
NOKPBJYHPHHWAN-REOHCLBHSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C3H7NO5S2/c4-2(3(5)6)1-10-11(7,8)9/h2H,1,4H2,(H,5,6)(H,7,8,9)/t2-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R)-2-amino-3-sulfosulfanylpropanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~250 mg/mL (~1242.42 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.6036 mL | 23.0181 mL | 46.0363 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9207 mL | 4.6036 mL | 9.2073 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4604 mL | 2.3018 mL | 4.6036 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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