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| Targets |
L-Carnitine tartrate is an endogenous metabolite involved in fatty acid metabolism. L-Carnitine functions as a carrier molecule that transports long-chain fatty acids into the mitochondrial matrix for β-oxidation, thereby facilitating energy production. It also plays a role in the removal of toxic acyl groups from the mitochondrial matrix.
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| ln Vitro |
L-Carnitine tartrate is a biochemical compound that serves as a source of L-carnitine in vitro. It supports cellular energy metabolism by facilitating fatty acid oxidation. The compound's in vitro activity is primarily related to its role as a metabolic intermediate rather than as a pharmacological agent with defined receptor-mediated effects.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, L-Carnitine tartrate is used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and to treat hyperlipoproteinemias. As a source of L-carnitine, it supports fatty acid metabolism and energy production in various tissues. It has been studied for its potential benefits in cardiovascular health and athletic performance.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for L-Carnitine tartrate are not typically performed as it is not a drug with defined receptor targets. However, its effects on cellular metabolism can be assessed in cell culture systems by measuring fatty acid oxidation rates or cellular ATP levels. Cells are treated with L-Carnitine tartrate, and metabolic parameters are measured using standard biochemical assays.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for L-Carnitine tartrate involve culturing cells in media supplemented with the compound. Cellular fatty acid oxidation can be measured using radiolabeled fatty acid substrates. ATP levels can be assessed using luciferase-based assays. The compound's effects on cell viability and metabolism can be evaluated using standard assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for L-Carnitine tartrate are not extensively documented in publicly available sources. When performed, they typically involve oral administration in rodent models to assess effects on lipid metabolism, exercise performance, or cardiac function. Dosing regimens vary depending on the study objectives.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
L-Carnitine tartrate has a molecular weight of 472.49 and a molecular formula of C18H36N2O12. It appears as a white to off-white powder. The compound is slightly soluble in methanol and water. It should be stored at 4°C under inert atmosphere. The compound is available with a purity of ≥98%.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
L-Carnitine tartrate is generally recognized as safe and is widely used as a dietary supplement. At recommended doses, it is well-tolerated. Mild gastrointestinal side effects may occur in some individuals. The compound is not associated with significant toxicity at therapeutic doses. It is available as a nutritional supplement and is not a prescription drug.
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| Additional Infomation |
L-Carnitine tartrate is the tartrate salt of L-carnitine, an endogenous metabolite involved in fatty acid metabolism. It is used as a dietary supplement to support energy production and cardiovascular health. The compound is also used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and to treat hyperlipoproteinemias. It is not approved as a drug for disease treatment but is widely available as a nutritional supplement.
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| Molecular Formula |
C18H36N2O12
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| Molecular Weight |
472.49
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| Exact Mass |
472.226
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| CAS # |
36687-82-8
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| PubChem CID |
57349413
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
12
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
32
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| Complexity |
262
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.1164 mL | 10.5822 mL | 21.1645 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4233 mL | 2.1164 mL | 4.2329 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2116 mL | 1.0582 mL | 2.1164 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
| NCT Number | Recruitment | interventions | Conditions | Sponsor/Collaborators | Start Date | Phases |
| NCT00754767 | Terminated | Drug: L-carnitine L-tartrate Other: placebo |
Breast Cancer Chemotherapeutic Agent Toxicity Neurotoxicity |
HealthPartners Institute | 2007-01-02 | Phase 4 |
| NCT05009654 | Completed | Dietary Supplement: L-carnitine Dietary Supplement: L-leucine |
Muscle Loss | Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport | 2016-10-01 | Not Applicable |
| NCT00822172 | Completed | Dietary Supplement: Levocarnitine tartrate
Drug: cilostazol |
Intermittent Claudication Peripheral Arterial Disease Peripheral Vascular Disease |
Colorado Prevention Center | 2008-09 | Phase 4 |
| NCT05487781 | Unknown status | Combination Product: Tirfostina/L-Carnitina | Healthy | Molecule X LLC | 2022-05-24 | Early Phase 1 |
| NCT05009641 | Completed | Dietary Supplement: L-carnitine | Muscle Loss | Gdansk University of Physical Education and Sport | 2015-11-15 | Not Applicable |
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