| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 500mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
L-Alanyl-L-leucine targets peptide transporters, particularly PEPT1 and PEPT2. It serves as a model substrate for studying the mechanisms of these transporters. The compound is used to investigate the substrate specificity, transport kinetics, and regulation of peptide transporters. It does not have a therapeutic target but is a valuable research tool for studying peptide transport and absorption in the intestine and kidney.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, L-Alanyl-L-leucine is used as a substrate in cellular assays to study peptide transporter activity. It is commonly employed in transport studies using cell lines such as Caco-2 cells, which express PEPT1. The uptake of Ala-Leu is measured to assess transporter function, and its transport kinetics (Km, Vmax) are determined. The compound does not exhibit significant pharmacological activities such as receptor binding or enzyme inhibition. Its role in research is as a tool for studying peptide transport.
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| ln Vivo |
L-Alanyl-L-leucine is not a pharmacologically active compound and therefore does not have defined in vivo activity as a therapeutic agent. When administered to animals, it is used as a probe to study peptide transporter function in vivo. It is absorbed via PEPT1 in the intestine and can be used to assess the bioavailability of peptide-based drugs. Its in vivo effects are limited to its utility as a transport substrate. Its primary value remains in research.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro receptor binding assays are not applicable for L-Alanyl-L-leucine, as it does not target a receptor. Instead, transport assays are performed to study its interaction with peptide transporters. A standard protocol involves incubating cells expressing PEPT1 or PEPT2 with radiolabeled or fluorescently labeled Ala-Leu. The uptake is measured over time, and the effect of inhibitors or competitors is assessed. The transport kinetics are calculated, and the specificity of the transporter is characterized.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for L-Alanyl-L-leucine are conducted to study peptide transporter function. A typical protocol involves culturing cells that express peptide transporters, such as Caco-2 cells, in multi-well plates. Cells are incubated with Ala-Leu at varying concentrations, and the intracellular accumulation of the dipeptide is measured. The uptake is quantified by HPLC or using radiolabeled or fluorescently labeled Ala-Leu. The effect of pH, inhibitors, and other substrates on transport is assessed.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with L-Alanyl-L-leucine are conducted to investigate peptide transporter function and drug absorption. A typical protocol involves oral or intravenous administration of the compound to rodents, followed by blood and tissue sampling. The concentration of Ala-Leu in plasma and tissues is measured to assess its absorption, distribution, and elimination. The compound's bioavailability and the role of peptide transporters in its disposition are evaluated.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a small, hydrophilic dipeptide, L-Alanyl-L-leucine is expected to be absorbed via PEPT1 in the intestine after oral administration. Its pharmacokinetic properties are characterized by rapid absorption and distribution. It is hydrolyzed by peptidases to release alanine and leucine. The pharmacokinetic profile of Ala-Leu is used as a model to study the absorption and disposition of peptide-based drugs.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
L-Alanyl-L-leucine is generally considered to have low toxicity, consistent with its composition of the endogenous amino acids alanine and leucine. Acute toxicity is expected to be minimal. Standard laboratory safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment, are recommended. No significant systemic toxicity is anticipated at typical research doses.
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| Additional Infomation |
Ala-Leu is a dipeptide formed from L-alanyl and L-leucine residues. It is a metabolite and also the zwitterionic tautomer of Ala-Leu. L-alanyl-L-leucine has been reported in Streptomyces chrestomyceticus and Vitis vinifera, and relevant data are available for reference.
L-Alanyl-L-leucine (Ala-Leu, CAS 3303-34-2) is a dipeptide composed of alanine and leucine. Its molecular formula is C₉H₁₈N₂O₃ and its molecular weight is 202.25 g/mol. It is a fundamental component in peptide synthesis and research. It serves as a model substrate for peptide transporters such as PEPT1 and PEPT2. It is intended for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C9H18N2O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
202.25082
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| Exact Mass |
202.132
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| CAS # |
3303-34-2
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| PubChem CID |
96801
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.108g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
409.7ºC at 760mmHg
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| Flash Point |
201.6ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.485
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| LogP |
1.04
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
14
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| Complexity |
216
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)O)N
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| InChi Key |
RDIKFPRVLJLMER-BQBZGAKWSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C9H18N2O3/c1-5(2)4-7(9(13)14)11-8(12)6(3)10/h5-7H,4,10H2,1-3H3,(H,11,12)(H,13,14)/t6-,7-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-aminopropanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~1 mg/mL (~4.94 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.9444 mL | 24.7219 mL | 49.4438 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9889 mL | 4.9444 mL | 9.8888 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4944 mL | 2.4722 mL | 4.9444 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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