| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Kojibiose does not have a single defined pharmacological target. As a disaccharide， its biological effects are primarily related to its prebiotic properties and its role as a substrate for enzymes. It is a proliferation factor for beneficial gut bacteria such as Bifidobacterium and lactic acid bacteria. It is also an inhibitor of plant glucosidase I, making it useful for studying glycosidase enzymes. The compound's anti-toxic activity and ability to reduce inflammatory markers suggest potential immunomodulatory effects, though the specific mechanisms are not fully characterized.
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| ln Vitro |
Kojibiose is a proliferation factor for Bifidobacterium, lactic acid bacteria, and eubacteria. It is a low-calorie sweetener capable of increasing the absorption of iron. The compound has anti-toxic activity and can reduce the hepatic expression of inflammatory markers in vivo. It is also used as a sugar chemistry analysis standard and as an inhibitor of plant glucosidase I. Its prebiotic properties make it useful for studying gut microbiota and their effects on health.
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| ln Vivo |
For 20 days, kobiose (0.5%; w/w daily by diet) dramatically lessens the severity of arachidic acid (ARa; 0.3 mg daily by diet)-induced alterations in the heart. [1].
Kojibiose has anti-toxic activity and can reduce the hepatic expression of inflammatory markers in vivo. As a prebiotic, it can modulate the gut microbiota, which may contribute to its effects on inflammation and metabolism. Its ability to increase iron absorption suggests potential applications in treating iron deficiency anemia. However, specific in vivo studies have not been detailed in the available literature. |
| Enzyme Assay |
No specific non-cell assay protocol is available for Kojibiose. As a disaccharide, it can be used as a substrate in enzyme assays for glycosidases or glucosidases. The compound's hydrolysis by specific enzymes can be measured by detecting the release of glucose using glucose oxidase or other detection methods. It can also be used as a standard in sugar chemistry analysis. However, specific protocols have not been detailed in the available literature.
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| Cell Assay |
No specific cell-based assay protocol is available for Kojibiose. For studying prebiotic effects, standard cellular assays involve culturing gut bacteria (e.g., Bifidobacterium, lactic acid bacteria) in media containing Kojibiose as the carbon source. Bacterial growth and metabolic activity (e.g., short-chain fatty acid production) are measured. For studying effects on host cells, intestinal epithelial cells can be treated with Kojibiose or bacterial metabolites, and inflammatory markers are measured by qPCR or ELISA. However, specific protocols have not been detailed in the available literature.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal/Disease Models: Female Wistar albino rats, 3 weeks old, take streptozotocin (STZ) twice a day, 25 mg/kg each time for 24 hrs (hrs (hours)) [1]
Doses: 0.5%, w/w Route of Administration: Diet; one time/day for 20 days Experimental Results: Significant improvement in the severity of liver changes caused by arachidic acid (ARa; 0.3 mg daily for 20 days). Compared with mice fed ARa alone, the expression value of PPAR α was Dramatically increased, indicating increased fatty acid metabolism. LPC and PS values were diminished compared to animals fed ARa alone. No specific animal protocol is available for Kojibiose. For studying prebiotic effects, standard in vivo models include administration of Kojibiose to mice or rats in drinking water or diet for 2-4 weeks. Gut microbiota composition is analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Inflammatory markers in tissues (e.g., liver) are measured by qPCR or ELISA. Iron absorption can be assessed using radiolabeled iron or by measuring iron levels in blood and tissues. However, specific protocols have not been detailed in the available literature. |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
No detailed pharmacokinetic data is publicly available for Kojibiose. The compound has a molecular weight of 342.30 and formula C12H22O11. As a disaccharide， it would likely be hydrolyzed by intestinal glycosidases to glucose. The compound has a logP of -5.55, indicating high hydrophilicity and limited passive membrane permeability. Comprehensive pharmacokinetic studies would be required for any therapeutic application.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No detailed toxicology data is publicly available for Kojibiose. As a naturally occurring disaccharide found in foods, it is generally considered safe at dietary levels. The compound is a low-calorie sweetener and is used as a food ingredient. However, comprehensive toxicological evaluation would be required for therapeutic development. The compound is for research use only and not for therapeutic applications.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Kojibiose is a glycosyl glucose.
Kojibiose has the molecular formula C12H22O11 and molecular weight 342.30. It is also known as α-D-Glc-(1→2)-D-Glc and 2-O-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-D-glucose. It is a disaccharide composed of two glucose molecules linked by an α-1,2-glycosidic bond. It is found in various natural sources, including mushrooms, soybeans, and fermented foods. It is a proliferation factor for Bifidobacterium, lactic acid bacteria, and eubacteria and a low-calorie sweetener. No drug development or clinical trial status applies. |
| Molecular Formula |
C12H22O11
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
342.29648
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| Exact Mass |
342.116
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| CAS # |
2140-29-6
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| PubChem CID |
164939
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.68g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
783.7ºC at 760mmHg
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| Flash Point |
292.1ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
0mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.652
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| LogP |
-5
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
8
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
367
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
9
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| SMILES |
C([C@@H]1[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O[C@@H](C=O)[C@H]([C@@H]([C@@H](CO)O)O)O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
PZDOWFGHCNHPQD-OQPGPFOOSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H22O11/c13-1-4(16)7(17)8(18)5(2-14)22-12-11(21)10(20)9(19)6(3-15)23-12/h2,4-13,15-21H,1,3H2/t4-,5+,6-,7-,8-,9-,10+,11-,12+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3S,4R,5R)-3,4,5,6-tetrahydroxy-2-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxyhexanal
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~125 mg/mL (~365.18 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9214 mL | 14.6071 mL | 29.2141 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5843 mL | 2.9214 mL | 5.8428 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2921 mL | 1.4607 mL | 2.9214 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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