| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Targets |
Keracyanin targets multiple signaling pathways including NF-κB, FAK, and MAPK. Its effects are mediated through inhibition of these pathways, contributing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hypoglycemic activities. As an anthocyanin, keracyanin's mechanism of action involves its ability to scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen species, which are known to cause oxidative damage to cells and tissues. The compound's polyphenolic structure allows it to donate electrons to neutralize reactive species, thereby protecting cells from oxidative stress.
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| ln Vitro |
Keracyanin inhibits NF-κB/FAK/MAPK signaling pathway. It exhibits antioxidant activity, protecting erythrocytes from apoptosis. Keracyanin inhibits malondialdehyde formation in oxidized calf thymus DNA, demonstrating its ability to prevent lipid peroxidation and DNA damage. It also shows anti-inflammatory and hypoglycemic effects. The compound's antioxidant properties contribute to its protective effects against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage.
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| ln Vivo |
Keracyanin is orally active and significantly reduces body weight gain, resistance to insulin, and lipid accumulation in mice fed a high-fat diet. This demonstrates the compound's potential for managing metabolic disorders such as obesity and insulin resistance. The in vivo efficacy of keracyanin in preventing weight gain and metabolic dysfunction suggests that it may be a promising candidate for the development of therapeutic agents for metabolic syndrome. Its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties likely contribute to these beneficial metabolic effects.
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| Enzyme Assay |
No specific non-cell assay protocol is available for keracyanin. For antioxidant activity assessment, standard cell-free assays include DPPH radical scavenging, ABTS radical cation decolorization, and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The compound's ability to inhibit malondialdehyde formation in oxidized DNA can be measured. These assays involve incubating the compound with free radical-generating systems and measuring the reduction in oxidative products. The antioxidant capacity can be expressed as Trolox equivalents or IC50 values for radical scavenging.
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| Cell Assay |
No specific cell-based assay protocol is available for keracyanin. For antioxidant and cytoprotective studies, cells (e.g., erythrocytes) are treated with keracyanin followed by exposure to oxidative stress-inducing agents. Apoptosis is measured by flow cytometry using Annexin V/PI staining. Cellular oxidative stress markers such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, GPx) can be measured. Anti-inflammatory activity can be assessed in macrophages by measuring cytokine production (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β).
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| Animal Protocol |
No specific animal protocol is available for keracyanin. For metabolic studies, mice are fed a high-fat diet with or without keracyanin supplementation. Body weight, food intake, and fat mass are measured throughout the study. Glucose tolerance tests and insulin tolerance tests are performed to assess metabolic function. At the end of the study, tissues (liver, adipose tissue) are collected for histology and biochemical analysis. Serum lipids, glucose, and insulin levels are measured to evaluate metabolic parameters.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
No detailed pharmacokinetic data is publicly available for keracyanin. Keracyanin has a molecular weight of 630.98 and formula C27H31ClO15. As an anthocyanin glycoside, it may have limited oral bioavailability due to its hydrophilic nature and susceptibility to intestinal metabolism. However, it is described as orally active, suggesting that it can reach target tissues in sufficient concentrations to exert biological effects. The compound may be metabolized by gut microbiota to absorbable metabolites. Comprehensive pharmacokinetic studies would be required for therapeutic development.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No detailed toxicology data is publicly available for keracyanin. As a naturally occurring anthocyanin found in many plants, keracyanin is generally considered safe at dietary levels. It has been shown to protect erythrocytes from apoptosis, indicating a lack of cytotoxicity at effective concentrations. However, comprehensive toxicological evaluation would be required for therapeutic development. The compound's antioxidant properties suggest it may have a favorable safety profile, but potential effects at high doses would need to be assessed. The compound is for research use only.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Anthocyanin-3-O-rutinoside chloride is a member of the anthocyanin chloride family, and its cationic counterpart is anthocyanin-3-O-rutinoside. It contains anthocyanin-3-O-rutinoside.
See also: anthocyanin cation (with the active moiety); asparagus (partial). Keracyanin is also known as cyanidin 3-O-rutinoside, keracyanin chloride, and cyanidin 3-rutinoside chloride. It has a molecular formula of C27H31ClO15 and a molecular weight of 630.98. The compound is a blue pigment found in the shells of some marine animals, such as crabs, lobsters, and shrimps. The mechanism of action involves its ability to scavenge free radicals and reactive oxygen species. Keracyanin has the INN name and is listed in p-INNList-31, 1974 and r-INNList-14, 1974. No drug development or clinical trial status applies. |
| Molecular Formula |
C27H31CLO15
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
630.98
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| Exact Mass |
630.135
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| CAS # |
18719-76-1
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| PubChem CID |
29231
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| Appearance |
Brown to reddish brown solid powder
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
10
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
15
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
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| Heavy Atom Count |
43
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| Complexity |
883
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
10
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O1)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](O2)OC3=CC4=C(C=C(C=C4[O+]=C3C5=CC(=C(C=C5)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O)O.[Cl-]
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| InChi Key |
ADZHXBNWNZIHIX-XYGAWYNKSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C27H30O15.ClH/c1-9-19(32)21(34)23(36)26(39-9)38-8-18-20(33)22(35)24(37)27(42-18)41-17-7-12-14(30)5-11(28)6-16(12)40-25(17)10-2-3-13(29)15(31)4-10;/h2-7,9,18-24,26-27,32-37H,8H2,1H3,(H3-,28,29,30,31);1H/t9-,18+,19-,20+,21+,22-,23+,24+,26+,27+;/m0./s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)-2-[[(2R,3S,4S,5R,6S)-6-[2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5,7-dihydroxychromenylium-3-yl]oxy-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]methoxy]-6-methyloxane-3,4,5-triol;chloride
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| Synonyms |
Prunicyanin; Meralop; Keracyanin
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.5848 mL | 7.9242 mL | 15.8484 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3170 mL | 1.5848 mL | 3.1697 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1585 mL | 0.7924 mL | 1.5848 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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