| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 50mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Kasugamycin targets the bacterial ribosome, specifically binding to the 30S and 70S ribosomal subunits, but not the 50S subunit. The compound mimics mRNA nucleotides and disrupts tRNA binding, thereby inhibiting canonical translation initiation. By binding to the ribosome, kasugamycin prevents the initiation of protein synthesis, leading to bacterial growth inhibition and cell death. The compound's unique mechanism of action, distinct from other aminoglycosides that cause misreading of the genetic code, makes it a valuable tool for studying translation mechanisms.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, kasugamycin demonstrates antibacterial activity against a range of Gram-negative bacteria. The compound is active against Shigella dysenteriae, S. flexneri, and S. sonnei. Kasugamycin also shows antifungal activity against yeast and pathogenic fungi such as Magnaporthe grisea (the causative agent of rice blast disease). The compound's activity is assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against various bacterial and fungal strains.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, kasugamycin is used in agriculture for the control of rice blast disease and other plant diseases. The compound is applied as a foliar spray or seed treatment, reducing the severity of rice sheath blight and other fungal diseases. In biomedical research, kasugamycin is used as a tool for studying translation mechanisms, but its clinical use as an antibiotic is limited.
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| Enzyme Assay |
Kasugamycin's inhibition of protein synthesis is assessed using in vitro translation assays. In these assays, cell-free translation systems (e.g., E. coli S30 extracts) are incubated with kasugamycin and a reporter mRNA (e.g., luciferase); protein synthesis is measured by quantifying the reporter protein activity. Ribosome binding is assessed using filter-binding assays or by measuring the inhibition of tRNA binding. These assays provide mechanistic insights into the activity of kasugamycin.
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| Cell Assay |
Kasugamycin is tested on cultured bacterial cells (e.g., E. coli, Shigella species) and fungal cells. Bacterial cells are treated with varying concentrations of kasugamycin; growth inhibition is measured by optical density or colony counting; protein synthesis is assessed by measuring the incorporation of radiolabeled amino acids into protein. These cell-based assays demonstrate the antibacterial and antifungal activity of kasugamycin.
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| Animal Protocol |
Kasugamycin has been evaluated in animal models of bacterial infection and in agricultural field trials. In agricultural settings, kasugamycin is applied to crops for the control of fungal diseases. In biomedical research, kasugamycin has been used in animal models to study its efficacy against bacterial infections, but its clinical use is limited.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic studies of kasugamycin have been conducted in animals. The compound is administered orally or parenterally; its absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion have been characterized. Kasugamycin's pharmacokinetic properties are consistent with those of other aminoglycoside antibiotics.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of kasugamycin is consistent with that of other aminoglycoside antibiotics. Aminoglycosides are associated with nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity, particularly with prolonged use or high doses. Kasugamycin's agricultural use involves lower exposure levels, and its toxicity in humans has not been extensively characterized.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Kasugamycin hydrochloride is an aminoglycoside antibiotic originally isolated from Streptomyces kasugaensis. The compound binds to the 30S and 70S ribosomes, mimicking mRNA nucleotides and disrupting tRNA binding to inhibit translation initiation. Kasugamycin is active against Gram-negative bacteria including Shigella species and shows antifungal activity against Magnaporthe oryzae. The compound is widely used in agriculture for controlling rice blast disease and other plant diseases. In biomedical research, kasugamycin serves as a tool for studying translation mechanisms. The compound is not widely used as a clinical antibiotic due to the availability of other aminoglycosides with broader spectra of activity.
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| Molecular Formula |
C14H25N3O9.HCL.H2O
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
433.84
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| Exact Mass |
415.135
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| CAS # |
19408-46-9
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| Related CAS # |
Kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate;200132-83-8
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| PubChem CID |
88045
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| Appearance |
Brown to dark brown solid powder
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| Density |
1.97g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
628.2ºC at 760mmHg
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| Melting Point |
203ºC (dec)
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| Flash Point |
333.7ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
2.04E-18mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.738
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
9
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
11
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
27
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| Complexity |
532
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
8
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| SMILES |
C[C@@H]1[C@H](C[C@@H]([C@H](O1)OC2[C@@H]([C@H](C([C@@H]([C@@H]2O)O)O)O)O)N)N=C(C(=O)O)N.Cl
|
| InChi Key |
ZDRBJJNXJOSCLR-YZKQBBCCSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H25N3O9.ClH/c1-3-5(17-12(16)13(23)24)2-4(15)14(25-3)26-11-9(21)7(19)6(18)8(20)10(11)22;/h3-11,14,18-22H,2,15H2,1H3,(H2,16,17)(H,23,24);1H/t3-,4+,5+,6?,7+,8+,9-,10+,11?,14-;/m1./s1
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| Chemical Name |
2-amino-2-[(2R,3S,5S,6R)-5-amino-2-methyl-6-[(2S,3S,5S,6R)-2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxycyclohexyl]oxyoxan-3-yl]iminoacetic acid;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~8.33 mg/mL (~20.03 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.3050 mL | 11.5250 mL | 23.0500 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4610 mL | 2.3050 mL | 4.6100 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2305 mL | 1.1525 mL | 2.3050 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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