| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25g |
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| 50g |
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| 100g |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Kaolin does not have a specific molecular target; its primary pharmacological use is as a gastrointestinal protectant and adsorbent, binding to toxins and bacteria in the gut. It is generally regarded as a pharmacologically inert excipient.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Kaolin has been shown to alleviate the toxicity of graphene oxide for mammalian cells. It is also used in laboratory settings to prepare synthetic turbid water for evaluating the biosorption capacity of other materials.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Kaolin is used as an oral antidiarrheal agent, where it adsorbs toxins and bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract, helping to firm stools. It is also used in combination with carrageenan to induce arthritic inflammation in rat models for evaluating the activity of anti-inflammatory drugs.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for Kaolin typically involve adsorption studies where the compound is incubated with a known amount of a toxin or dye (e.g., methylene blue) in a buffer solution. The mixture is agitated, centrifuged, and the concentration of the unbound substance in the supernatant is measured spectrophotometrically to determine the adsorption capacity of Kaolin.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for Kaolin are limited due to its inert nature. However, it has been used in cell culture studies to assess its ability to reduce the cytotoxicity of other substances, such as graphene oxide. Cells are co-incubated with the toxic agent and Kaolin, and cell viability is measured using standard assays like MTT to evaluate the protective effect.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments with Kaolin include its use as an adjuvant to induce arthritis in rats. A suspension of Kaolin is injected intra-articularly along with carrageenan to produce a robust inflammatory response. The animals are then treated with test compounds, and the reduction in paw swelling or joint inflammation is measured to assess anti-inflammatory activity.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a mineral compound, Kaolin is not absorbed systemically when taken orally. It acts locally in the gastrointestinal tract. It is used as a diluent in tablets and capsules and as a suspending vehicle in pharmaceutical formulations. Kaolin is considered an inert and non-toxic material.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Kaolin is generally regarded as an essentially nontoxic and nonirritant material. Oral doses of about 2-6 g every 4 hours have been administered for the treatment of diarrhea. It has been shown to cause cavities in the spinal cord of dogs due to distention and subsequent rupture of the central canal in certain experimental settings.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Kaolin is a soft, white aluminosilicate mineral, named after its centuries-old mining history in Gaoling Mountain, China. Natural kaolin is a white powder, primarily composed of kaolinite, and contains varying proportions of other minerals such as muscovite, quartz, feldspar, and anatase. It is used in the manufacture of porcelain and is also widely used in the production of paper, rubber, paint, and desiccants. It is also used as an excipient and in antidiarrheal medications. Kaolin is a mixture and an aluminosilicate mineral containing kaolinite. It is the most common mineral among hydrated aluminum silicates, with the chemical formula approximately H₂Al₂Si₂O₈·H₂O. Kaolin is prepared by washing with water to remove impurities such as sand, and is used for pharmaceutical and medical purposes. (Excerpt from Merck Index, 11th edition) Its name comes from Gaoling (Chinese: 高山), the original mining site. (Excerpt from Grant and Hackh's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th edition)
See also: Kaolin (note moved to). Kaolin is widely used in pharmaceutical formulations as an excipient, diluent, and suspending agent. It is also used in ceramics, paper coating, and cosmetics. As an over-the-counter antidiarrheal, it is often combined with pectin. It is not a regulated drug but a widely available mineral product with a long history of safe use. |
| Molecular Formula |
AL2H8O9SI2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
262.18
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| Exact Mass |
259.918
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| CAS # |
1332-58-7
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| PubChem CID |
56841936
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
2.6 g/cm3
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| Melting Point |
1750ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.62
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
9
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
13
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| Complexity |
167
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
[Si](=O)(O[Al]=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O.O([H])[H].O([H])[H]
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| InChi Key |
NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/2Al.O5Si2.2H2O.2O/c;;1-6(2)5-7(3)4;;;;/h;;;2*1H2;;/q2*+1;-2;;;;
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| Chemical Name |
oxo-oxoalumanyloxy-[oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)silyl]oxysilane;dihydrate
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| Synonyms |
Clay 347; China clay; Kaolin
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.8142 mL | 19.0709 mL | 38.1417 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7628 mL | 3.8142 mL | 7.6283 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3814 mL | 1.9071 mL | 3.8142 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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