| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside targets multiple pathways involved in thrombosis, inflammation, and oxidative stress. It inhibits thrombin and factor Xa function, key enzymes in the coagulation cascade. The compound reduces the rate of thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization and inhibits TNF-α-induced PAI-1 secretion. It reduces the PAI-1/t-PA ratio and decreases FXa generation and FVa/FXa-mediated thrombin generation. Its anti-inflammatory activity is mediated through the reduction of inflammatory signaling pathways. Its antioxidant activity is mediated through the enhancement of the anti-oxidative defense system.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies have demonstrated that isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside has antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory activities. It inhibits thrombin and factor Xa function and reduces the rate of thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization. The compound inhibits TNF-α-induced PAI-1 secretion, reduces the PAI-1/t-PA ratio, and decreases FXa generation and FVa/FXa-mediated thrombin generation. It ameliorates CCl₄-induced hepatic damage by enhancing the anti-oxidative defense system and reducing inflammatory signaling pathways. However, detailed in vitro potency data, such as IC₅₀ values for specific activities, are not extensively documented in the available literature.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside has been shown to ameliorate CCl₄-induced hepatic damage. Its antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory activities suggest potential therapeutic applications in thrombotic and inflammatory diseases. However, comprehensive in vivo efficacy and safety studies are needed to fully evaluate its therapeutic potential.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro non-cell enzyme assays for isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside typically involve measuring its antithrombotic activity by assessing the inhibition of thrombin and factor Xa activity using chromogenic substrates. The compound is incubated with the enzyme and substrate, and the production of chromophore is measured spectrophotometrically. Its antioxidant activity can be measured using DPPH, ABTS, or FRAP assays. Its anti-inflammatory activity can be assessed by measuring the inhibition of inflammatory mediators in cell-free systems.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside use various cell lines to study its biological activities. For antithrombotic studies, endothelial cells or platelets are used, and parameters such as thrombin generation, fibrin polymerization, and PAI-1 secretion are assessed. For anti-inflammatory studies, macrophages or other immune cells stimulated with LPS are used, and the production of inflammatory cytokines is measured by ELISA. For hepatoprotective studies, hepatocytes treated with CCl₄ are used, and parameters such as cell viability, oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory markers are assessed.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside would likely employ models of thrombosis, inflammation, and liver injury. For antithrombotic studies, models of venous or arterial thrombosis are used. For anti-inflammatory studies, standard models such as carrageenan-induced paw edema are used. For hepatoprotective studies, models of CCl₄-induced liver injury are used, and parameters such as liver function markers, oxidative stress markers, and histopathology of liver tissues are assessed. Pharmacokinetic studies in these models provide information about the compound's absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside has a molecular weight of 478.40 g/mol and a molecular formula of C₂₂H₂₂O₁₂. It is a flavonoid glycoside also known as Cacticin. The compound has a purity of ≥95%. It should be stored long-term in a cool, dry place. Detailed pharmacokinetic parameters such as absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion have not been extensively characterized. As a flavonoid glycoside, the compound is expected to have moderate oral bioavailability.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The toxicity profile of isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside has not been comprehensively evaluated in published studies. As a natural flavonoid from various plants, it is generally considered to have low toxicity. The compound is classified as a research reagent and is not intended for human therapeutic use without further safety evaluation. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling the compound.
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| References |
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| Additional Infomation |
Isorhamnetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside is a glycosyloxyflavonoid formed by the substitution of isorhamnetin at the 3-position with a β-D-glucose residue. It is a metabolite. It is a monosaccharide derivative belonging to the glycosyloxyflavonoid, monomethoxyflavonoid, trihydroxyflavonoid, and β-D-glucopyranoside categories. Functionally, it is associated with both isorhamnetin and β-D-glucose. Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucopyranoside has been reported in Anoectochilus formosanus, Halocnemum strobilaceum, and other organisms with relevant data. Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucopyranoside is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: Ginkgo (partial).
Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside is a flavonoid glycoside isolated from Artemisia capillaris Thunberg and other plants. It is also known as Cacticin. The compound ameliorates CCl₄-induced hepatic damage by enhancing the anti-oxidative defense system and reducing inflammatory signaling pathways. It has antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory activities. Isorhamnetin 3-O-galactoside inhibits thrombin and factor Xa function, reduces the rate of thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization, inhibits TNF-α-induced PAI-1 secretion, reduces the PAI-1/t-PA ratio, and decreases FXa generation and FVa/FXa-mediated thrombin generation. Not approved for clinical use; intended for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C22H22O12
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
478.4029
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| Exact Mass |
478.111
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| CAS # |
6743-92-6
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| PubChem CID |
5318645
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| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
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| Density |
1.75±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
834.4±65.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
267-269 ºC
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| Flash Point |
291.3±27.8 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.2 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.750
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| LogP |
1.71
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
7
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
12
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
34
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| Complexity |
773
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
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| SMILES |
COC1=C(C=CC(=C1)C2=C(C(=O)C3=C(C=C(C=C3O2)O)O)O[C@H]4[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O4)CO)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
CQLRUIIRRZYHHS-LFXZADKFSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C22H22O12/c1-31-12-4-8(2-3-10(12)25)20-21(17(28)15-11(26)5-9(24)6-13(15)32-20)34-22-19(30)18(29)16(27)14(7-23)33-22/h2-6,14,16,18-19,22-27,29-30H,7H2,1H3/t14-,16-,18+,19-,22+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-[(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxychromen-4-one
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~209.03 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.0903 mL | 10.4515 mL | 20.9030 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.4181 mL | 2.0903 mL | 4.1806 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2090 mL | 1.0452 mL | 2.0903 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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