| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
|
||
| 10mg |
|
||
| 50mg |
|
||
| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Indium(III) isopropoxide has no biological or pharmacological target. It is not a drug and does not interact with any receptor, enzyme, or ion channel in living organisms. Its chemical activity is directed at organic functional groups (e.g., oxidation of alcohols) or as a source of indium ions for semiconductor manufacturing.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Using pivaldehyde as an oxidizing agent, indium (III) isopropoxide functions as an Oppen-Oer oxidation catalyst to encourage the conversion of primary or secondary alcohols into the corresponding aldehydes or ketones at room temperature [1].
No in vitro biological activity is relevant or reported. In a purely chemical context, the compound exhibits catalytic activity in the Oppenauer oxidation of benzylic and aliphatic secondary alcohols (e.g., benzhydrol, 4-methylbenzohydrol, cyclohexanol) to the corresponding ketones. Using pivalaldehyde (trimethylacetaldehyde) as the hydrogen acceptor at room temperature in toluene, it achieves >90% conversion within 1-4 hours with a catalyst loading of 2-10 mol%. It also catalyzes Meerwein-Ponndorf-Verley reductions of ketones in isopropanol. |
| ln Vivo |
No in vivo activity exists because the compound is not used or intended for administration to animals. If inadvertently introduced, indium salts are generally toxic and may cause pulmonary, hepatic, or renal damage. However, no studies have examined the in vivo effects of indium(III) isopropoxide as a therapeutic or toxic agent. It is strictly a laboratory chemical.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
Non-biological, chemical catalysis assay: In a typical procedure, a solution of secondary alcohol (1 mmol) and pivalaldehyde (2 mmol) in dry toluene (2 mL) is added to a Schlenk tube containing indium(III) isopropoxide (0.02 mmol, 2 mol%) under an inert atmosphere (argon). The mixture is stirred at room temperature (25degC) for 1-4 hours. Aliquots are taken periodically, quenched with water, extracted with ethyl acetate, and analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) or 1H NMR spectroscopy to determine conversion yield. Turnover frequency (TOF, h−1) is calculated as (moles product)/(moles catalyst × time).
|
| Cell Assay |
Not applicable (no cell-based assays). If one were to test cytotoxicity in vitro (not typical for this chemical), immortalized cell lines (e.g., HepG2, HEK293) could be exposed to increasing concentrations of indium(III) isopropoxide (1-500 uM) for 24 hours, and viability assessed by MTT or resazurin reduction. However, such data are not available in the literature. The compound is poorly soluble in aqueous media, and hydrolysis would release isopropanol and indium hydroxide/oxide.
|
| Animal Protocol |
Not applicable (no animal studies). The compound is not intended for in vivo use. If an animal study were to be conducted (e.g., for hazard assessment), rodents might be given a single oral or intraperitoneal dose to determine acute toxicity (OECD guideline 423), but such data are not reported. It should be noted that the isopropoxide ligand would be rapidly hydrolyzed, releasing isopropanol (which has known toxicity) and indium species.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Not applicable (not a drug). As a chemical reagent, its stability is a key property: indium(III) isopropoxide is highly moisture-sensitive and decomposes in the presence of water to form indium hydroxide and isopropanol. It is soluble in anhydrous organic solvents such as toluene, THF, and dichloromethane. For catalytic applications, it is often used under inert atmosphere at room temperature or mild heating (50-80degC). No absorption, distribution, metabolism, or excretion (ADME) data exist.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Indium compounds are generally considered toxic. Indium(III) isopropoxide is corrosive and may cause severe skin and eye burns. If ingested or inhaled, it may cause gastrointestinal irritation, pulmonary edema, and damage to the liver and kidneys. The LD50 for oral administration in rats is estimated (based on similar indium salts) to be around 2000-4000 mg/kg. The compound may release isopropanol upon contact with moisture, which is an irritant and central nervous system depressant. Chronic exposure to indium has been associated with lung fibrosis and alveolar proteinosis in industrial workers (indium lung). Therefore, handling requires a fume hood, gloves, and eye protection.
|
| References |
[1]. Yohei Ogiwara, et al. Indium(III) Isopropoxide as a Hydrogen Transfer Catalyst for Conversion of Benzylic Alcohols into Aldehydes or Ketones via Oppenauer Oxidation. Synthesis. 2016, 48(23): 4143-4148.
[2]. Daniela Caruntu, et al. One-Step Synthesis of Nearly Monodisperse, Variable-Shaped In 2 O 3 Nanocrystals in Long Chain Alcohol Solutions. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C. March 2010, 114(11):4875-4886. |
| Additional Infomation |
Indium(III) isopropoxide is not a pharmaceutical, has no therapeutic applications, has never been in clinical trials, and is not approved by any drug regulatory agency. It is a specialty chemical for research and development in catalysis, materials science, and as a precursor for indium oxide (In2O3) thin films used in transparent conductive electrodes for displays and solar cells. It is also used in the synthesis of indium-containing nanoparticles and quantum dots. This information is provided to fulfill the request format; users should not mistake it for a drug.
|
| Molecular Formula |
C3H8O.1/3IN
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
292.07924
|
| Exact Mass |
292.053
|
| CAS # |
38218-24-5
|
| PubChem CID |
57346963
|
| Appearance |
Light yellow to yellow solid powder
|
| Density |
0.808 g/mL at 25ºC
|
| Boiling Point |
82℃
|
| Melting Point |
145ºC (dec.)
|
| Flash Point |
10ºC
|
| Index of Refraction |
n20/D1.383
|
| LogP |
2.475
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
13
|
| Complexity |
10.8
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].[In+3]
|
| InChi Key |
OVZUSPADPSOQQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/3C3H7O.In/c3*1-3(2)4;/h3*3H,1-2H3;/q3*-1;+3
|
| Chemical Name |
indium(3+);propan-2-olate
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO :< 1 mg/mL
H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.4237 mL | 17.1186 mL | 34.2372 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6847 mL | 3.4237 mL | 6.8474 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3424 mL | 1.7119 mL | 3.4237 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
