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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
ID-1101 targets insulin signaling pathways. It is an insulinotropic agent that activates insulin signaling in rat models. It acts as an insulin sensitizer. By enhancing insulin signaling, it improves glucose metabolism and may help manage type 2 diabetes. Its effects on insulin signaling have been demonstrated in various preclinical studies.
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| ln Vitro |
ID-1101 is an insulinotropic agent that activates insulin signaling. It has been shown to have anti-diabetic and anti-diabetic nephropathy activities. Its activity has been confirmed in various in vitro and in vivo studies. As an insulin sensitizer, it improves glucose metabolism.
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| ln Vivo |
ID-1101 has been investigated as a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes and obesity. It is an orally bioavailable compound that activates insulin signaling and improves glucose metabolism. Its anti-diabetic nephropathy activity suggests it may also protect against diabetic kidney disease. However, detailed clinical efficacy data is limited.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The primary in vitro assays for ID-1101 involve measuring its effects on insulin signaling and glucose metabolism. Cells, such as hepatocytes or adipocytes, are treated with the compound, and the activation of insulin signaling pathways is assessed by measuring the phosphorylation of insulin receptor and downstream targets, such as AKT. Glucose uptake and metabolism are measured using radiolabeled glucose or other assays.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular experiments for ID-1101 involve treating insulin-sensitive cells, such as hepatocytes, adipocytes, or muscle cells, with the compound. Its effects on insulin signaling, glucose uptake, and glycogen synthesis are assessed. The activation of the insulin receptor and downstream signaling molecules is measured by Western blot. Glucose uptake is measured using radiolabeled 2-deoxyglucose.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for ID-1101 have been conducted in rat models. The compound is administered orally, and its effects on insulin signaling, glucose tolerance, and metabolic parameters are assessed. Its effects on diabetic nephropathy are evaluated by measuring markers of kidney function and damage. Its pharmacokinetic properties are also characterized.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
ID-1101 has a molecular weight of 147.17 g/mol and a molecular formula of C6H13NO3. It is a small, water-soluble amino acid derivative. It is an orally bioavailable compound. It is typically used as a research reagent and is stored as a powder at -20°C for long-term stability. Its purity is typically ≥98%.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
ID-1101 is a research compound that is not intended for human use. Its toxicological profile is not extensively characterized in the available literature. As a natural compound derived from fenugreek, it is generally considered to have low toxicity. As with all research chemicals, standard safety precautions should be followed when handling.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
(4S)-4-hydroxy-L-isoleucine is a derivative of L-isoleucine, specifically L-isoleucine with a (4S)-hydroxy substituent. It is a plant metabolite. It is an amino alcohol, a derivative of L-isoleucine, and also a non-protein L-α-amino acid. It is a zwitterionic tautomer of (4S)-4-hydroxy-L-isoleucine. Hydroxyleucine has been reported to be present in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), and relevant data are available. See also: Fenugreek seeds (partial).
ID-1101 ((2S,3R,4S)-4-Hydroxyisoleucine) is a natural compound derived from fenugreek seeds with anti-diabetic and anti-diabetic nephropathy activities. It is an orally bioavailable insulinotropic agent that activates insulin signaling. ID-1101 has been investigated as a potential treatment for type 2 diabetes and obesity. It is available from various chemical suppliers for research purposes. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H13NO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
147.174
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| Exact Mass |
147.089
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| CAS # |
55399-93-4
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| PubChem CID |
6918732
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
331.6±32.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
223-224℃
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| Flash Point |
154.4±25.1 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.496
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| LogP |
-0.44
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
10
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| Complexity |
126
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
C[C@@H]([C@H](C)O)[C@@H](C(=O)O)N
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| InChi Key |
OSCCDBFHNMXNME-YUPRTTJUSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H13NO3/c1-3(4(2)8)5(7)6(9)10/h3-5,8H,7H2,1-2H3,(H,9,10)/t3-,4-,5-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4S)-2-amino-4-hydroxy-3-methylpentanoic acid
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| Synonyms |
4OHIle; 4-OH-Ile; ID-1101
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~50 mg/mL (~339.74 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 6.7949 mL | 33.9743 mL | 67.9486 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.3590 mL | 6.7949 mL | 13.5897 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.6795 mL | 3.3974 mL | 6.7949 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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