| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Hydronidone targets multiple pathways involved in fibrosis and inflammation. It inhibits phosphodiesterase-4 (PDE4), which regulates cAMP levels and inflammatory responses. It also inhibits cyclooxygenase (COX), reducing prostaglandin synthesis. Additionally, it inhibits TGF-β signaling, a key driver of fibrosis. By targeting these pathways, Hydronidone exerts antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory effects.
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| ln Vitro |
Hydronidone is an inhibitor of PDE4, COX, and TGF-β. It induces mitochondrial dysfunction and triggers apoptosis. Its antifibrotic activity has been confirmed in various in vitro assays. As a pirfenidone analog, it shares similar mechanisms of action but with an improved safety profile.
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| ln Vivo |
Hydronidone is an orally active antifibrotic agent for hepatic fibrosis. It has been investigated for use in liver disease and is in late-stage development for liver fibrosis. Its ability to inhibit TGF-β and other fibrotic pathways makes it a promising therapeutic candidate for fibrotic diseases.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The primary in vitro assays for Hydronidone include PDE4 enzyme activity assays, COX inhibition assays, and TGF-β signaling assays. The enzymes are incubated with substrates in the presence of the compound, and the inhibition of enzyme activity is measured. TGF-β signaling is assessed by measuring Smad phosphorylation or the expression of TGF-β target genes.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular experiments for Hydronidone involve treating hepatic stellate cells, fibroblasts, or other cell types with the compound and measuring its effects on fibrosis markers, inflammation, and cell viability. The inhibition of TGF-β signaling is assessed by measuring collagen production and α-SMA expression. Mitochondrial function is assessed by measuring ATP production and membrane potential.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Hydronidone have been conducted in animal models of liver fibrosis. The compound is administered orally, and its effects on liver fibrosis, inflammation, and liver function are assessed. Its pharmacokinetic properties and safety profile are also evaluated. It is in late-stage development for liver fibrosis.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Hydronidone has a molecular weight of 201.22 g/mol and a molecular formula of C12H11NO2. It is an orally active compound that is soluble in DMSO. It is typically stored at 2-8°C for long-term stability. Its purity is typically ≥98%. It is also known as F-351.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Hydronidone is a research compound that is not intended for human use. Its toxicological profile has been evaluated in preclinical studies, where it has shown an improved safety profile compared to pirfenidone. As with all research chemicals, standard safety precautions should be followed when handling.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Hydrocodone has anti-fibrotic activity.
Drug indications It has been studied for the treatment of liver disease. Hydronidone (F-351) is a small-molecule pyridine derivative and structural analog of pirfenidone with antifibrotic activity. It is an inhibitor of PDE4, COX, and TGF-β and is in late-stage development for the treatment of liver fibrosis. The compound is available from various chemical suppliers for research purposes. |
| Molecular Formula |
C12H11NO2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
201.22
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| Exact Mass |
201.079
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| CAS # |
851518-71-3
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| PubChem CID |
11217901
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| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
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| Melting Point |
161-162 °C
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| LogP |
1.851
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
2
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
15
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| Complexity |
312
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
NETTXQJYJRFTFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H11NO2/c1-9-2-7-12(15)13(8-9)10-3-5-11(14)6-4-10/h2-8,14H,1H3
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| Chemical Name |
1-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-5-methylpyridin-2-one
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| Synonyms |
F 351 F351 F-351
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~496.97 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 4.9697 mL | 24.8484 mL | 49.6968 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.9939 mL | 4.9697 mL | 9.9394 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.4970 mL | 2.4848 mL | 4.9697 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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