| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
The primary target of His-Pro is not well-defined as a specific receptor or enzyme; rather, it functions as a metabolite and a dipeptide involved in various biochemical pathways. Dipeptides like His-Pro can interact with peptide transporters and may influence metabolic processes through their constituent amino acids. Histidine and proline residues contribute to its potential biological activities, including roles in cellular metabolism and signaling. As a simple dipeptide, it does not exhibit the same targeted receptor binding as more complex pharmaceutical agents but serves as a useful tool for studying peptide transport, metabolism, and the biological effects of histidine- and proline-containing peptides.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies of His-Pro are limited, as it is primarily used as a research chemical rather than a drug candidate. However, dipeptides in general have been shown to exhibit various biological activities in cell-based assays, including modulation of cellular metabolism and potential antioxidant effects. His-Pro may influence pathways related to histidine and proline metabolism in cultured cells. Its effects are typically evaluated in the context of peptide transport studies or as a control compound in experiments investigating the activity of larger peptides or peptide mimetics. The dipeptide's stability and activity in cell culture media can vary depending on experimental conditions.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies specifically focused on His-Pro are scarce in the published literature, as this compound is primarily a biochemical research tool rather than a therapeutic agent. However, histidine-containing dipeptides in general have been investigated for their roles in various physiological processes, including buffering capacity in muscle tissue and potential antioxidant functions. His-Pro may be used in animal studies as a model compound for investigating dipeptide absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Its effects on metabolic pathways and potential bioactivity in vivo would depend on its stability and bioavailability following administration.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For in vitro enzyme/receptor binding assays, His-Pro can be evaluated using standard radioligand binding or surface plasmon resonance (SPR) techniques to assess its interactions with peptide transporters or other binding proteins. Competition binding experiments can be performed using labeled dipeptide analogs to determine affinity constants. His-Pro may also be tested in enzyme activity assays to evaluate its potential as a substrate or inhibitor of peptidases. Typical assay conditions include physiological pH and temperature, with appropriate buffer systems to maintain peptide stability. Binding parameters such as Kd or IC₅0 values can be determined from dose-response curves generated with varying concentrations of the dipeptide.
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| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular experiments, His-Pro can be tested in various cell lines to evaluate its effects on cellular metabolism, peptide uptake, and signaling pathways. Cells are typically cultured in appropriate media and treated with His-Pro at concentrations ranging from micromolar to millimolar. Cellular uptake can be assessed using labeled or fluorescent derivatives of the dipeptide. Effects on cell viability, proliferation, and metabolic activity can be measured using standard assays such as MTT, ATP quantification, or metabolic flux analysis. The dipeptide's stability in cell culture medium should be monitored, as peptidases may degrade His-Pro over time, potentially affecting experimental outcomes.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo animal experiments, His-Pro can be administered to rodents via various routes including oral gavage, intravenous injection, or intraperitoneal injection to study its pharmacokinetics and biological effects. Typical doses may range from 1 to 100 mg/kg depending on the study objectives. Blood samples can be collected at various time points to measure circulating levels of the dipeptide. Tissue distribution and metabolism can be assessed by analyzing organ samples. The compound's effects on physiological parameters such as metabolic markers, oxidative stress indicators, or inflammatory responses can be evaluated. Animal studies should follow appropriate ethical guidelines and use suitable control groups for comparison.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of His-Pro have not been extensively characterized in the literature. As a dipeptide, it is expected to be subject to rapid degradation by peptidases in the gastrointestinal tract and bloodstream, potentially resulting in low oral bioavailability. When administered intravenously, His-Pro would likely distribute throughout the body and be metabolized to its constituent amino acids, histidine and proline. The half-life in circulation would depend on the activity of various peptidases and renal clearance mechanisms. Histidine and proline released from the dipeptide would enter their respective metabolic pathways. Further pharmacokinetic studies would be needed to fully characterize the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion profile of this compound.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for His-Pro are limited in the published literature. As a naturally occurring dipeptide and metabolite, it is generally considered to have low toxicity. Histidine and proline are both proteinogenic amino acids that are essential or conditionally essential nutrients, suggesting that their dipeptide form would likely be well-tolerated. However, high doses or prolonged exposure could potentially lead to metabolic imbalances. Standard toxicological assessments would include acute toxicity studies, repeated-dose toxicity studies, and genotoxicity evaluations. As a research chemical, appropriate safety precautions should be taken when handling His-Pro, including the use of personal protective equipment and proper laboratory practices.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
His-Pro is a dipeptide composed of L-histidine and L-proline residues. It is a metabolite and a tautomer of the His-Pro zwitterion.
His-Pro is primarily a biochemical research tool rather than a pharmaceutical drug candidate. It has a role as a metabolite in biological systems. No clinical trials or regulatory approvals have been reported for this compound as a therapeutic agent. Its main applications are in basic research studying dipeptide metabolism, peptide transport mechanisms, and the biological functions of histidine- and proline-containing peptides. The compound is available from various chemical suppliers for research purposes only. Stability information, particularly in solution, has rarely been reported. His-Pro serves as a useful reference compound in studies investigating the structure-activity relationships of histidine-containing peptides. |
| Molecular Formula |
C11H16N4O3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
252.27000
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| Exact Mass |
252.122
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| CAS # |
20930-58-9
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| Related CAS # |
His-Pro hydrochloride;2415727-78-3
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| PubChem CID |
152322
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.433g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
638.374ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
339.876ºC
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| Vapour Pressure |
0mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.628
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| LogP |
-2.9
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
18
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| Complexity |
336
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
C1C[C@@H](C(=O)O)N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CC2=CN=CN2)N
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| InChi Key |
LNCFUHAPNTYMJB-IUCAKERBSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H16N4O3/c12-8(4-7-5-13-6-14-7)10(16)15-3-1-2-9(15)11(17)18/h5-6,8-9H,1-4,12H2,(H,13,14)(H,17,18)/t8-,9-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-1-[(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~250 mg/mL (~991.00 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.9640 mL | 19.8200 mL | 39.6401 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7928 mL | 3.9640 mL | 7.9280 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3964 mL | 1.9820 mL | 3.9640 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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