| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 25mg |
|
||
| 50mg |
|
||
| 100mg |
|
||
| 250mg |
|
||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Hemipyocyanine targets various cellular components and processes in both bacterial and eukaryotic cells. In bacteria, it acts as a redox-active compound that can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cause oxidative stress. Hemipyocyanine can also interact with cellular membranes and disrupt membrane integrity. In eukaryotic cells, the compound can modulate signaling pathways and induce apoptosis. The compound's effects are mediated through its ability to undergo redox cycling and generate ROS.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, hemipyocyanine demonstrates antimicrobial activity against various bacterial species. It inhibits the growth of bacteria and can potentiate the activity of other antimicrobial agents. The compound also exhibits cytotoxic effects on eukaryotic cells, including human cell lines. Hemipyocyanine induces apoptosis in cancer cells and has been studied for its potential anticancer activity. The compound also modulates immune responses and has anti-inflammatory effects in certain contexts.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, hemipyocyanine has been studied in animal models of infection and inflammation. In models of P. aeruginosa infection, the compound's role in pathogenesis has been investigated. In models of inflammation, hemipyocyanine has shown both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, depending on the context. The compound's in vivo effects are complex and depend on the dose, route of administration, and the specific model used.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free biochemical assays for hemipyocyanine involve measuring its redox activity and its ability to generate ROS. The compound's redox cycling can be assessed by measuring the reduction of electron acceptors such as cytochrome c or by using fluorescent probes for ROS detection. Its antimicrobial activity can be assessed by measuring the inhibition of bacterial growth or enzyme activity.
|
| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for hemipyocyanine use various cell types, including bacteria and eukaryotic cells. For antimicrobial studies, bacteria are treated with hemipyocyanine, and growth inhibition is measured by optical density or colony counting. For eukaryotic cell studies, cell lines are treated with hemipyocyanine, and cell viability is measured using MTT or CCK-8 assays. Apoptosis is assessed by flow cytometry or by measuring caspase activity. ROS production is measured using fluorescent probes.
|
| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for hemipyocyanine are conducted in models of infection and inflammation. In models of P. aeruginosa infection, animals are infected with the bacterium, and the role of hemipyocyanine in pathogenesis is assessed by comparing the effects of wild-type and mutant strains. In inflammation models, animals are treated with hemipyocyanine, and inflammatory markers and tissue damage are assessed.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Hemipyocyanine has a molecular formula of C₁₂H₈N₂O and a molecular weight of 196.20. It is a phenazine compound that is a metabolite of P. aeruginosa. The compound is soluble in organic solvents and has moderate solubility in aqueous solutions. Its pharmacokinetic properties are not well characterized, but as a small molecule, it would be expected to be absorbed and distributed to various tissues.
|
| References |
|
| Additional Infomation |
1-Hydroxyphenazine is a phenazine compound with a hydroxyl substituent at the 1-position. 1-Hydroxyphenazine has been reported to exist in Streptomyces and Streptomyces thiocyanate, and relevant data are available for reference.
Hemipyocyanine is a phenazine compound that is a metabolite of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and a reduced form of pyocyanin. It is used in research to study bacterial pathogenesis and to develop new antimicrobial strategies. The compound's redox activity and its ability to generate ROS underlie its biological effects. Hemipyocyanine is for research use only and not for human therapeutic use. Further research is needed to fully characterize its pharmacological profile and therapeutic potential. |
| Molecular Formula |
C12H8N2O
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
196.2047
|
| Exact Mass |
196.064
|
| CAS # |
528-71-2
|
| PubChem CID |
135412648
|
| Appearance |
Yellow to orange solid powder
|
| Density |
1.376g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
430.012ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
158ºC
|
| Flash Point |
213.864ºC
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.783
|
| LogP |
2.488
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
15
|
| Complexity |
234
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
O([H])C1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C2C1=NC1=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C1N=2
|
| InChi Key |
SVRNCBGWUMMBQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C12H8N2O/c15-11-7-3-6-10-12(11)14-9-5-2-1-4-8(9)13-10/h1-7,15H
|
| Chemical Name |
phenazin-1-ol
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.0968 mL | 25.4842 mL | 50.9684 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0194 mL | 5.0968 mL | 10.1937 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5097 mL | 2.5484 mL | 5.0968 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
