| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
HAEGTFTSD targets the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R), a G protein-coupled receptor expressed on pancreatic β-cells and other tissues. GLP-1R activation by GLP-1 and its analogs stimulates insulin secretion, promotes β-cell survival, and regulates glucose homeostasis. As the N-terminal 1-9 fragment of GLP-1, HAEGTFTSD represents a key region for receptor recognition and activation.
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| ln Vitro |
The proglucagon gene produces GLP-1 (7-36) amide, which is produced by intestinal L cells in reaction to meal consumption. GLP-1 stimulates insulin production from pancreatic beta cells in a glucose-dependent way, which leads to a variety of effects (insulinotropic action). GLP-1 inhibits alpha cell secretion, hence lowering circulating plasma glucagon concentrations. In addition, GLP-1 has been shown to promote insulin sensitivity, reduce hunger, delay stomach emptying, and promote beta cell development [1]. GLP-1 peptide analogs function as agonists of the glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor [2].
In vitro, HAEGTFTSD is used to study GLP-1 receptor binding and activation. As the N-terminal 1-9 fragment of GLP-1, it contains the minimum sequence required for full receptor activation and insulinotropic activity. The peptide is employed in receptor binding assays to characterize the interaction between GLP-1 fragments and GLP-1R, providing insights into the molecular basis of incretin hormone action. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity data for HAEGTFTSD are limited, as the peptide is primarily used as a research tool for in vitro structure-activity studies. The full-length GLP-1(7-36) amide is known to stimulate insulin secretion in vivo in a glucose-dependent manner and is the subject of extensive diabetes research. HAEGTFTSD serves as a reference compound for understanding the role of individual residues in GLP-1 receptor activation.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro receptor binding assays for HAEGTFTSD involve measuring the peptide's affinity for the GLP-1 receptor using radioligand competition binding techniques. The peptide is incubated with membranes expressing GLP-1R and a radiolabeled GLP-1 analog, and displacement is quantified to determine binding affinity. These cell-free assays help define the structural determinants of GLP-1 receptor recognition and activation.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for HAEGTFTSD are performed using cell lines expressing the GLP-1 receptor, such as pancreatic β-cell lines. Cells are treated with the peptide, and receptor activation is assessed by measuring cAMP accumulation, calcium mobilization, or insulin secretion. These assays help characterize the peptide's ability to activate GLP-1R and stimulate insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experimental protocols for HAEGTFTSD are not extensively documented, as the peptide is primarily used for in vitro research applications. For full-length GLP-1, animal studies typically involve administration to rodents followed by measurement of glucose levels and insulin secretion. HAEGTFTSD may be used as a control or reference compound in such studies to evaluate the contribution of specific residues.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of HAEGTFTSD have not been systematically characterized. As a peptide, it would be expected to have limited oral bioavailability due to degradation in the gastrointestinal tract. The peptide has a molecular weight of 963.94 and molecular formula C40H57N11O17. It should be stored under appropriate conditions to maintain stability.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for HAEGTFTSD are not extensively reported. As a research-use peptide, its safety profile has not been formally evaluated in preclinical toxicology studies. The compound is intended for research purposes only and is not approved for human therapeutic use. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling this peptide.
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| References |
[1]. K Hupe-Sodmann, et al. Characterisation of the processing by human neutral endopeptidase 24.11 of GLP-1(7-36) amide and comparison of the substrate specificity of the enzyme for other glucagon-like peptides. Regul Pept. 1995 Aug 22;58(3):149-56.
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| Additional Infomation |
HAEGTFTSD is a synthetic peptide with CAS number 926018-45-3, molecular formula C40H57N11O17, and molecular weight 963.94. The sequence is His-Ala-Glu-Gly-Thr-Phe-Thr-Ser-Asp. It is a 9-residue peptide fragment of human GLP-1 or GLP-1(7-36) amide. GLP-1(7-36) amide is a physiological incretin hormone that stimulates insulin secretion in a glucose-dependent manner. This peptide is for research use only.
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| Molecular Formula |
C40H57N11O17
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| Molecular Weight |
963.944089651108
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| Exact Mass |
1023.414
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| CAS # |
926018-45-3
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| PubChem CID |
156599016
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
17
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
21
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
29
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| Heavy Atom Count |
72
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| Complexity |
1830
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
10
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| SMILES |
C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CN=CN2)N)O.CC(=O)O
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| InChi Key |
JAGKTXLFCUAUCE-JFNRVPBQSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C40H57N11O17.C2H4O2/c1-18(45-34(61)23(41)12-22-14-42-17-44-22)33(60)46-24(9-10-29(56)57)35(62)43-15-28(55)50-31(19(2)53)38(65)47-25(11-21-7-5-4-6-8-21)36(63)51-32(20(3)54)39(66)49-27(16-52)37(64)48-26(40(67)68)13-30(58)59;1-2(3)4/h4-8,14,17-20,23-27,31-32,52-54H,9-13,15-16,41H2,1-3H3,(H,42,44)(H,43,62)(H,45,61)(H,46,60)(H,47,65)(H,48,64)(H,49,66)(H,50,55)(H,51,63)(H,56,57)(H,58,59)(H,67,68);1H3,(H,3,4)/t18-,19+,20+,23-,24-,25-,26-,27-,31-,32-;/m0./s1
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| Chemical Name |
acetic acid;(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S,3R)-2-[[2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-4-carboxybutanoyl]amino]acetyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxybutanoyl]amino]-3-hydroxypropanoyl]amino]butanedioic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.0374 mL | 5.1870 mL | 10.3741 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2075 mL | 1.0374 mL | 2.0748 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1037 mL | 0.5187 mL | 1.0374 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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