| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
HAE targets enzymes involved in peptide and amino acid metabolism, including potential interactions with dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) based on its structural similarity to peptide substrates. It may also interact with gamma-glutamyltransferase and related enzymes.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
HAE is a bioactive peptide whose specific biological activities are not extensively documented. As a histidine-containing peptide, it may exhibit metal-chelating properties and antioxidant activity similar to other histidine-containing peptides. It may serve as a substrate or inhibitor for peptide-processing enzymes.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity of HAE has not been well characterized. As a small peptide, it may be rapidly degraded by proteases in vivo, limiting its systemic bioavailability and activity.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for HAE typically involve incubating the tripeptide with enzymes such as dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) to assess its substrate or inhibitory properties. Enzyme activity is measured using chromogenic or fluorogenic substrates, and the effect of HAE on enzyme kinetics is determined.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for HAE use cell lines relevant to peptide metabolism or signaling. Cells are treated with HAE at varying concentrations, and cellular responses such as enzyme activity, cell proliferation, or signaling pathway activation are measured. Standard cell culture protocols with 24-72 hour treatments and appropriate controls are employed.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies for HAE are limited. Standard protocols for evaluating peptide compounds involve administration via oral, intravenous, or intraperitoneal routes to rodents, followed by collection of blood and tissues for pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic analysis. Peptides are typically rapidly cleared, requiring frequent dosing or formulation strategies.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
HAE has a molecular weight of 355.35 g/mol and formula C₁₄H₂₁N₅O₆. It is soluble in water and should be stored at -20°C as a powder, protected from moisture. As a small peptide, it is expected to have poor oral bioavailability due to enzymatic degradation and limited intestinal absorption.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
HAE is considered low in toxicity as a peptide. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed. Comprehensive toxicological studies have not been performed.
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| Additional Infomation |
His-Ala-Glu is a peptide.
HAE is a research peptide used in studies of peptide biochemistry, enzyme-substrate interactions, and as a reference standard in analytical chemistry. It is also referred to as His-Ala-Glu. Not approved for clinical use. |
| Molecular Formula |
C14H21N5O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
355.346
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| Exact Mass |
355.149
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| CAS # |
64111-99-5
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| PubChem CID |
131801121
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| LogP |
-4.3
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
10
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| Heavy Atom Count |
25
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| Complexity |
514
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=CN1)N
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| InChi Key |
AFPFGFUGETYOSY-HGNGGELXSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H21N5O6/c1-7(12(22)19-10(14(24)25)2-3-11(20)21)18-13(23)9(15)4-8-5-16-6-17-8/h5-7,9-10H,2-4,15H2,1H3,(H,16,17)(H,18,23)(H,19,22)(H,20,21)(H,24,25)/t7-,9-,10-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)propanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]pentanedioic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.8141 mL | 14.0706 mL | 28.1413 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5628 mL | 2.8141 mL | 5.6283 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2814 mL | 1.4071 mL | 2.8141 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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