| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 500mg |
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| 5g |
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| Other Sizes |
| ln Vitro |
H-Phe-Phe-OH (Phe-Phe) is a peptide comprised of two molecules of phenylalanine. Phenylalanine is an essential amino acid and the precursor to the amino acid tyrosine. It is the precursor of catecholamines in the body. Psychotropic medications also contain phenylalanine as a component. The H-Phe-Phe-OH recognition motif of the Alzheimer's disease Abeta peptide is the smallest peptide that can be built into a higher-order structure [1].
H-Phe-Phe-OH exhibited self-assembly behavior in aqueous solutions, forming well-ordered amyloid-like fibrillar structures [1] Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) images showed that the peptide assembled into long, unbranched fibrils with a diameter of ~10–15 nm and length of several micrometers [1] Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy revealed a conformational transition from random coil to β-sheet structure during self-assembly, a characteristic feature of amyloid fibril formation [1] X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the presence of cross-β sheet packing (d-spacing of ~4.7 Å), consistent with the molecular arrangement of amyloid fibrils [1] The self-assembly process was concentration-dependent: significant fibril formation was observed at concentrations ≥1 mM, while low concentrations (<0.5 mM) remained in a monomeric or oligomeric state [1] |
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| Cell Assay |
H-Phe-Phe-OH was dissolved in ultrapure water or buffer to prepare stock solutions of different concentrations (0.1–10 mM) [1]
For fibril preparation: The peptide solution was incubated at 37°C with gentle agitation for 24–72 hours to induce self-assembly [1] Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) characterization: A drop of the assembled peptide solution was placed on a carbon-coated copper grid, stained with uranyl acetate, and dried at room temperature; images were acquired using a TEM instrument at specified accelerating voltage [1] Circular Dichroism (CD) spectroscopy: The peptide solution (0.1–0.5 mM) was placed in a quartz cuvette with a 1 mm path length; CD spectra were recorded in the far-UV region (190–250 nm) at room temperature, with scans repeated to confirm reproducibility [1] X-ray diffraction: Lyophilized fibril samples were packed into glass capillaries; diffraction patterns were collected using a synchrotron X-ray source, and diffraction peaks were analyzed to determine molecular packing [1] Thioflavin T (ThT) fluorescence assay: H-Phe-Phe-OH solutions (1 mM) were mixed with ThT reagent (final concentration 20 μM), and fluorescence intensity was measured at excitation 440 nm/emission 485 nm over time to monitor fibril formation kinetics [1] |
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Phenylalanine-Phenylalanine (Phe-Phe) is a dipeptide composed of two L-phenylalanine residues. It is a human serum metabolite and a mycoplasma genitalium metabolite. It is functionally related to L-phenylalanine. It is a zwitterion of Phe-Phe.
H-Phe-Phe-OH is a synthetic dipeptide composed of two L-phenylalanine residues linked by peptide bonds [1] It self-assembles into amyloid fibrils, providing important clues for understanding the molecular mechanism of amyloid formation (a key process in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease) [1] The β-sheet-rich fibrous structure formed by H-Phe-Phe-OH mimics the core structure of pathological amyloid aggregates, making it a model system for studying amyloid formation [1] |
| Molecular Formula |
C18H20N2O3
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
312.3630
|
| Exact Mass |
312.147
|
| CAS # |
2577-40-4
|
| PubChem CID |
6993090
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
582.8±50.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Flash Point |
306.2±30.1 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.7 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.605
|
| LogP |
2.48
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
7
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
23
|
| Complexity |
388
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
|
| SMILES |
C1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)O)N
|
| InChi Key |
GKZIWHRNKRBEOH-HOTGVXAUSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C18H20N2O3/c19-15(11-13-7-3-1-4-8-13)17(21)20-16(18(22)23)12-14-9-5-2-6-10-14/h1-10,15-16H,11-12,19H2,(H,20,21)(H,22,23)/t15-,16-/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-[[(2S)-2-amino-3-phenylpropanoyl]amino]-3-phenylpropanoic acid
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
80% Acetic acid/water : 50 mg/mL (~160.07 mM)
DMSO :< 1 mg/mL H2O : < 0.1 mg/mL |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.2014 mL | 16.0072 mL | 32.0143 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6403 mL | 3.2014 mL | 6.4029 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3201 mL | 1.6007 mL | 3.2014 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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