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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
As a protected amino acid ester, H-Lys-OEt.2HCl does not have a specific pharmacological target. Its primary role in research is as a chemical intermediate rather than a bioactive compound. However, the compound may interact with amino acid transporters upon deprotection, particularly the cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) family and system y⁺ transporters, which mediate cellular uptake of basic amino acids. The compound may also serve as a substrate for esterases that hydrolyze the ethyl ester, releasing the active lysine for incorporation into metabolic pathways.
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| ln Vitro |
Commercial ergot supplements have been made from amino acids and their derivatives. They affect the release of anabolic hormones, the availability of fuel for activity, the ability to think clearly under pressure, and the prevention of muscular damage brought on by exertion. They are regarded as advantageous synergistic food ingredients [1].
In vitro studies have demonstrated that amino acid esters like H-Lys-OEt.2HCl can influence the release of anabolic hormones and affect the availability of fuel for cellular activity. Research indicates that lysine derivatives support cell viability and proliferation in various culture systems by providing essential amino acids. The compound has been studied for its effects on protein synthesis and cellular energy metabolism. Studies suggest that amino acid derivatives are regarded as advantageous synergistic food ingredients. However, as an ethyl ester, the biological activity of H-Lys-OEt.2HCl itself is limited until the ester is hydrolyzed to release active lysine. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies on amino acid esters have focused on their nutritional and metabolic effects. When administered to animals, the ethyl ester is hydrolyzed by esterases, releasing L-lysine. Research in rodent models has shown that lysine supplementation influences growth performance, nitrogen balance, and immune function. Amino acid derivatives have been studied for their potential to improve mental performance under stress and prevent exercise-induced muscle damage. However, H-Lys-OEt.2HCl specifically has limited published in vivo data as it is primarily a research reagent.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for amino acid esters typically involve esterase activity measurements. A standard protocol includes incubating the compound with esterases, such as porcine liver esterase or serum esterases, in appropriate buffer systems (e.g., 50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.4) at 37°C. The release of ethanol or free lysine is monitored using HPLC, GC, or spectrophotometric methods. For binding assays with amino acid transporters, radiolabeled competition assays using cell membrane preparations expressing specific transporters may be employed. IC₅₀ values are calculated from dose-response curves.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays for H-Lys-OEt.2HCl typically employ cell lines such as HepG2, Caco-2, or primary hepatocytes to evaluate the compound's effects on cellular metabolism and protein synthesis. A common protocol involves seeding cells in 96-well or 24-well plates at appropriate densities and incubating overnight at 37°C with 5% CO₂. Cells are treated with varying concentrations of the compound (typically 1-1000 µM) for 24-72 hours. Cell viability is assessed using MTT, CCK-8, or trypan blue exclusion assays. Metabolic effects can be evaluated by measuring amino acid uptake, protein synthesis rates, or gene expression changes.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with amino acid esters typically utilize rodent models such as Sprague-Dawley rats or BALB/c mice. A standard protocol involves oral administration or intraperitoneal injection of the compound dissolved in sterile saline or PBS at doses ranging from 50-500 mg/kg body weight. Animals are maintained under standard laboratory conditions. Blood samples are collected at predetermined time points (0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 hours) for pharmacokinetic analysis. Tissue samples may be harvested for analysis of amino acid levels, metabolic markers, and gene expression. Behavioral or performance studies may evaluate effects on exercise capacity or cognitive function.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
H-Lys-OEt.2HCl (molecular weight 247.16 g/mol) exhibits moderate lipophilicity. The compound is soluble in aqueous solutions due to the hydrochloride salt. The ethyl ester is susceptible to hydrolysis by esterases in vivo, releasing free lysine. The compound has a melting point of approximately 150°C. The dihydrochloride salt form enhances aqueous solubility and stability. Following absorption, the compound undergoes rapid ester hydrolysis, followed by normal lysine metabolism and renal excretion.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The dihydrochloride salt of H-Lys-OEt exhibits low toxicity, consistent with its nature as an amino acid derivative. Acute toxicity is expected to be low, with an oral LD₅₀ in rodents likely >2000 mg/kg based on similar compounds. The compound is not considered genotoxic or carcinogenic. Skin and eye contact may cause mild irritation. Inhalation of dust should be avoided. The compound is stable under normal storage conditions.
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| References |
[1]. Luckose F, et al. Effects of amino acid derivatives on physical, mental, and physiological activities. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2015;55(13):1793-1144.
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| Additional Infomation |
H-Lys-OEt.2HCl is supplied as a white to off-white solid powder with ≥98% purity. The compound has a molecular formula of C₈H₂₀Cl₂N₂O₂. It should be stored as a powder at -20°C for up to 3 years, at 4°C for up to 2 years, and in solution at -80°C for 6 months or -20°C for 1 month. The compound is for research use only and is not approved for human therapeutic applications. Common applications include peptide synthesis, organic synthesis, and biochemical research.
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| Molecular Formula |
C6H13NO2S.HCL
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| Molecular Weight |
199.69886
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| Exact Mass |
199.043
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| CAS # |
69630-60-0
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| PubChem CID |
12888616
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Boiling Point |
240ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
99ºC
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| LogP |
1.742
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
11
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| Complexity |
108
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
COC(=O)[C@@H](CCSC)N.Cl
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| InChi Key |
MEVUPUNLVKELNV-NUBCRITNSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H13NO2S.ClH/c1-9-6(8)5(7)3-4-10-2;/h5H,3-4,7H2,1-2H3;1H/t5-;/m1./s1
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| Chemical Name |
methyl (2R)-2-amino-4-methylsulfanylbutanoate;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.0075 mL | 25.0376 mL | 50.0751 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.0015 mL | 5.0075 mL | 10.0150 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5008 mL | 2.5038 mL | 5.0075 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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