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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
As a glycine derivative, this compound does not have a specific biological target. It is a synthetic amino acid ester that serves as a chemical precursor rather than a pharmacologically active agent. Its primary use is in organic synthesis, where it acts as a glycine donor for peptide bond formation. The compound can be hydrolyzed to release glycine, which is a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system and a precursor for numerous biomolecules including glutathione, creatine, and porphyrins. In its esterified form, it is not recognized by biological receptors or enzymes in a manner that produces therapeutic effects; rather, its value lies in its chemical reactivity. Glycine ethyl ester is used as a substrate in enzymatic studies of ester hydrolysis and as a standard in amino acid analysis, but these are analytical applications rather than target-based pharmacological activities.
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| ln Vitro |
Commercial ergot supplements have been made from amino acids and their derivatives. They affect the release of anabolic hormones, the availability of fuel for activity, the ability to think clearly under pressure, and the prevention of muscular damage brought on by exertion. They are regarded as advantageous synergistic food ingredients [1].
H-Gly-OEt·HCl does not exhibit pharmacological activity in vitro as it is a simple amino acid ester rather than a drug. Its chemical reactivity is the primary focus of in vitro studies, where it is used as a substrate for esterases and other hydrolytic enzymes. The compound can serve as a model substrate in enzyme kinetics assays to measure the activity of carboxylesterases or peptidases. In cell culture, glycine ethyl ester may be used to deliver glycine to cells in a membrane-permeable form, allowing researchers to study the effects of intracellular glycine supplementation. However, it does not possess intrinsic bioactive properties such as receptor binding, enzyme inhibition, or cytotoxicity. Its in vitro utility is almost entirely confined to its role as a chemical reagent in organic synthesis and as a substrate in biochemical assays. |
| ln Vivo |
H-Gly-OEt·HCl is not a drug and therefore does not have defined in vivo pharmacological activity. When administered to animals, the ethyl ester is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases to release glycine, which then enters normal metabolic pathways. The compound is sometimes used in nutritional studies as a source of glycine, as the ester form may enhance oral bioavailability compared to the free amino acid. Studies in animal models may employ glycine esters to investigate amino acid transport, metabolism, or to supplement diets. However, these applications are nutritional or metabolic in nature rather than therapeutic, and the compound is not used as an active pharmaceutical ingredient. Its primary value remains as a chemical intermediate and research reagent.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme activity assays for H-Gly-OEt·HCl are typically conducted to measure esterase activity. A standard protocol involves incubating the compound with a biological sample containing esterases, such as tissue homogenates, plasma, or purified enzymes like carboxylesterase, in a suitable buffer at physiological pH and temperature. The hydrolysis of the ethyl ester releases glycine and ethanol, which can be quantified using colorimetric, fluorometric, or chromatographic methods. Alternatively, the decrease in substrate concentration can be monitored by HPLC. The reaction is initiated by addition of the substrate, and aliquots are taken at various time points to determine the initial velocity of hydrolysis. The assay is used to characterize enzyme kinetics and to screen for esterase inhibitors or activators.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays utilizing H-Gly-OEt·HCl are not commonly performed because the compound lacks intrinsic biological activity. However, it can be used in cell culture as a source of glycine. In such experiments, cells are cultured in glycine-free medium supplemented with the compound, and cellular uptake, metabolism, or downstream effects are monitored. The ester is taken up by cells and hydrolyzed intracellularly to release glycine, which can then be incorporated into proteins, glutathione, or other metabolites. Cellular assays may measure glycine transport, glutathione synthesis, or the effects of glycine supplementation on cellular functions. These experiments are typically conducted in cell lines such as hepatocytes, neurons, or fibroblasts, and endpoints are measured by biochemical or mass spectrometry methods.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies using H-Gly-OEt·HCl are primarily conducted for nutritional or metabolic research rather than pharmacological evaluation. A typical protocol involves administering the compound to rodents via oral gavage, intraperitoneal injection, or intravenous infusion, at doses typically ranging from 10 to 500 mg/kg. Blood samples are collected at various time points to measure glycine levels, allowing assessment of the compound's bioavailability and pharmacokinetics. The compound's ability to elevate plasma glycine concentrations can be monitored, and its effects on glycine metabolism, protein synthesis, or neurotransmitter levels in the brain may be evaluated. These studies help to understand amino acid absorption, distribution, and metabolism, and may have applications in nutritional science or metabolic disorder research.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a small, hydrophilic amino acid ester, H-Gly-OEt·HCl is expected to be rapidly absorbed after oral administration, although specific pharmacokinetic data are not well-documented. The compound is rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases in the gastrointestinal tract and plasma to release glycine, which then enters the endogenous amino acid pool. The ethyl ester formulation may enhance membrane permeability and oral bioavailability compared to free glycine. The compound is likely distributed throughout the body via the circulation and is metabolized through normal glycine metabolic pathways, including incorporation into proteins, conversion to serine, and participation in one-carbon metabolism. The pharmacokinetic profile is influenced by the rate of ester hydrolysis and the subsequent metabolism of glycine.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
The hydrochloride salt form of this compound is generally considered to have low toxicity, consistent with its use as a chemical reagent and its metabolic fate as a source of the endogenous amino acid glycine. Acute toxicity is expected to be minimal, as glycine itself has a very low toxicity profile. However, the compound may cause local irritation upon contact with skin, eyes, or mucous membranes due to its acidic nature. Inhalation of the powder may cause respiratory irritation. The compound is not classified as a carcinogen, mutagen, or reproductive toxicant. Standard laboratory safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment, are recommended when handling the compound. No significant systemic toxicity is anticipated at typical research doses, as the compound is rapidly metabolized to glycine.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Glycine ethyl ester hydrochloride (H-Gly-OEt·HCl, CAS 623-33-6) is a protected amino acid derivative widely used as a building block in peptide synthesis. Its chemical formula is C₄H₉NO₂·HCl and molecular weight is 139.58. The compound exists as a white to off-white powder that is soluble in water and polar organic solvents. It is typically stored at room temperature in a cool, dry place. The product is considered sufficiently pure for ordinary synthetic purposes. It is important to note that distillation of this compound, even under reduced pressure, is hazardous due to its explosive potential. The compound is used exclusively for research and synthetic applications, not for human therapeutic use.
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| Molecular Formula |
C4H10CLNO2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
139.5807
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| Exact Mass |
154.05
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| CAS # |
623-33-6
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| Related CAS # |
Glycine ethyl ester-13C hydrochloride;58420-91-0;Glycine ethyl ester-13C2 hydrochloride;1246819-31-7
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| PubChem CID |
2723640
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
109.5ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
145-146 °C(lit.)
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| LogP |
1.01
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
8
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| Complexity |
62.7
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
TXTWXQXDMWILOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C4H9NO2.ClH/c1-2-7-4(6)3-5;/h2-3,5H2,1H3;1H
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| Chemical Name |
ethyl 2-aminoacetate;hydrochloride
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 7.1644 mL | 35.8218 mL | 71.6435 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.4329 mL | 7.1644 mL | 14.3287 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7164 mL | 3.5822 mL | 7.1644 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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