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| Targets |
H-Glu(His-OH)-OH does not have a specific biological target as a drug. It is a synthetic dipeptide used in biochemical research. It may be recognized by certain enzymes involved in peptide metabolism, such as gamma-glutamyltransferase. However, it is not designed to interact with specific receptors or enzymes for therapeutic purposes. Its primary utility is as a research tool for studying protein interactions, enzymatic processes, and peptide chemistry.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, H-Glu(His-OH)-OH is used to study protein interactions and enzymatic processes, particularly those involving peptide bond formation and hydrolysis. It is also used in peptide screening as a research tool to identify bioactive peptides. The compound does not exhibit significant pharmacological activities such as receptor binding or enzyme inhibition. Its role in research is as a reagent for studying peptide chemistry and biochemistry.
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| ln Vivo |
H-Glu(His-OH)-OH is not a pharmacologically active compound and therefore does not have defined in vivo activity as a therapeutic agent. It is a synthetic peptide used in biochemical research. When administered to animals, it would likely be metabolized by peptidases to release glutamic acid and histidine. Its primary value remains in research, where it serves as a tool for studying protein interactions, enzymatic processes, and peptide screening.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for H-Glu(His-OH)-OH are typically designed to study the activity of gamma-glutamyltransferase or other peptidases. A standard protocol involves incubating the compound with an enzyme preparation in a suitable buffer. The hydrolysis of the dipeptide bond releases glutamic acid and histidine, which can be quantified by HPLC or mass spectrometry. These assays are used to characterize the substrate specificity of enzymes involved in peptide metabolism.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays using H-Glu(His-OH)-OH are limited because the compound is primarily a research reagent. However, it can be used in cell culture studies to investigate peptide transport and metabolism. Cells are cultured in media supplemented with the compound, and its uptake and hydrolysis are monitored. The effects of increased glutamic acid and histidine availability on cellular metabolism can be assessed.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with H-Glu(His-OH)-OH are not typically conducted for therapeutic purposes. However, it may be used in metabolic studies to investigate the fate of γ-glutamyl peptides. A typical protocol involves administration of the compound to rodents, followed by blood and tissue sampling to measure its levels and metabolites. These studies help to understand the metabolism and physiological roles of γ-glutamyl peptides.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a small, hydrophilic dipeptide, H-Glu(His-OH)-OH is expected to be rapidly metabolized in the body. Its pharmacokinetic properties are characteristic of small peptides, with rapid clearance and short half-life. Detailed pharmacokinetic data are not typically reported, as the compound is used primarily as a research reagent rather than a drug candidate.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
H-Glu(His-OH)-OH is generally considered to have low toxicity, consistent with its use as a research reagent. It is a peptide composed of the endogenous amino acids glutamic acid and histidine. Standard laboratory safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment, are recommended. No significant systemic toxicity is anticipated at typical research doses.
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| Additional Infomation |
Gamma-Glutathione (Gamma-Glu-His) is a glutamyl-L-amino acid formed by the condensation of the γ-carboxyl group of glutamate and the amino group of histidine. It is a mammalian metabolite and the conjugate acid of γ-glutamylhistidine (1-). Gamma-glutamylhistidine has been reported to exist in fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster), shiitake mushrooms (Lentinula edodes), and brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and relevant data are available for reference.
H-Glu(His-OH)-OH (γ-Glutamylhistidine, CAS 37460-15-4) is a synthetic dipeptide composed of glutamic acid and a histidine residue. Its molecular formula is C₁₁H₁₆N₄O₅ and its molecular weight is 284.27 g/mol. It is used in biochemical research to study protein interactions, enzymatic processes, and peptide bond formation and hydrolysis. It is also used in peptide screening. It is intended for research use only and is not for human therapeutic applications. |
| Molecular Formula |
C11H16N4O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
284.27
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| Exact Mass |
284.112
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| CAS # |
37460-15-4
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| PubChem CID |
7017195
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-4
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
8
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| Heavy Atom Count |
20
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| Complexity |
376
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
O=C(O)[C@H](CC1=CN=CN1)NC(CC[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=O
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| InChi Key |
PXVCMZCJAUJLJP-YUMQZZPRSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C11H16N4O5/c12-7(10(17)18)1-2-9(16)15-8(11(19)20)3-6-4-13-5-14-6/h4-5,7-8H,1-3,12H2,(H,13,14)(H,15,16)(H,17,18)(H,19,20)/t7-,8-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-amino-5-[[(1S)-1-carboxy-2-(1H-imidazol-5-yl)ethyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~50 mg/mL (~175.89 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.5178 mL | 17.5889 mL | 35.1778 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7036 mL | 3.5178 mL | 7.0356 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3518 mL | 1.7589 mL | 3.5178 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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