| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 100mg |
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| 250mg |
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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
H-Glu(Gln-OH)-OH targets the Calcium Sensing Receptor (CaSR) as a positive allosteric modulator. It is implicated in taste perception ("kokumi") and calcium homeostasis. The compound's activity as a CaSR modulator is responsible for its kokumi taste-enhancing properties. It does not have a therapeutic target but is a research tool for studying taste perception, calcium signaling, and drug delivery.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, H-Glu(Gln-OH)-OH is used to study its activity as a CaSR positive allosteric modulator. It is also used in drug delivery research as a hydrophilic peptide that can be conjugated to drugs, forming carriers with high water solubility and drug loading capacity. The compound does not exhibit significant pharmacological activities such as receptor binding or enzyme inhibition beyond its CaSR modulation. Its role in research is in taste science, calcium signaling, and drug delivery.
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| ln Vivo |
H-Glu(Gln-OH)-OH is not a pharmacologically active drug but has been studied for its in vivo effects as a CaSR modulator and as a drug delivery vehicle. It is a kokumi-active compound that enhances taste perception. The carrier composed of this peptide has characteristics of high water solubility, good biocompatibility, low toxicity, improved tumor targeting ability, and anti-tumor efficacy. Its primary value is in research, particularly in the fields of sensory science, calcium homeostasis, and drug delivery.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro assays for H-Glu(Gln-OH)-OH are designed to study its activity as a CaSR modulator. A typical protocol involves using cells expressing the CaSR and measuring the response to the peptide. Calcium mobilization assays or other signaling assays are used to assess the compound's activity. The EC50 for CaSR activation is determined from dose-response curves. These assays are used to characterize the structure-activity relationships of γ-glutamyl peptides.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cellular assays using H-Glu(Gln-OH)-OH are conducted to study its effects on CaSR signaling and its potential as a drug delivery vehicle. Cells expressing CaSR are treated with the peptide, and downstream signaling events are measured. In drug delivery studies, the peptide is conjugated to drugs, and its uptake, cytotoxicity, and targeting ability are assessed in cancer cell lines. These experiments help to evaluate the compound's potential in drug delivery and its biological activity.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with H-Glu(Gln-OH)-OH are not typically conducted for therapeutic purposes. However, it may be used in studies of taste perception and calcium homeostasis. A typical protocol involves oral administration of the compound to rodents, followed by behavioral or physiological assessments of taste perception or calcium levels. The compound's effects on tumor growth may also be evaluated in xenograft models when used as a drug carrier.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
As a hydrophilic peptide, H-Glu(Gln-OH)-OH is expected to be rapidly absorbed and metabolized. Its pharmacokinetic properties are characteristic of small peptides, with rapid clearance and short half-life. When conjugated to drugs, its pharmacokinetic profile may be altered. Detailed pharmacokinetic data are not typically reported, as the compound is used primarily as a research tool.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
H-Glu(Gln-OH)-OH is generally considered to have low toxicity, consistent with its natural occurrence in food and its use as a research reagent. The carrier composed of this peptide has been shown to have low toxicity. Standard laboratory safety precautions, including the use of personal protective equipment, are recommended. No significant systemic toxicity is anticipated at typical research doses.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
γ-Glutamylglutamine (Glam-Gln) is a dipeptide formed by the condensation of the γ-carboxyl group of glutamate and the amino group of glutamine. It is a human metabolite functionally related to L-glutamate and L-glutamine, and is the conjugate acid of γ-glutylglutamine (1-). γ-Glutamylglutamine has been reported to exist in fruit flies, Euglena, and other organisms with relevant data.
H-Glu(Gln-OH)-OH (γ-L-Glutamyl-L-glutamine, CAS 10148-81-9) is a γ-glutamyl dipeptide composed of glutamic acid and glutamine. Its molecular formula is C₁₀H₁₇N₃O₆ and its molecular weight is approximately 275.26 g/mol. It is a kokumi-active compound that contributes to the complex taste of mature Gouda cheese. It acts as a positive allosteric modulator of the Calcium Sensing Receptor (CaSR). It is used in drug delivery research as a hydrophilic peptide with high water solubility, good biocompatibility, and low toxicity. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H17N3O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
275.25848
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| Exact Mass |
275.112
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| CAS # |
10148-81-9
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| PubChem CID |
150914
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
-4.9
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
19
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| Complexity |
370
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
C(CC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)[C@@H](C(=O)O)N
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| InChi Key |
JBFYFLXEJFQWMU-WDSKDSINSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H17N3O6/c11-5(9(16)17)1-4-8(15)13-6(10(18)19)2-3-7(12)14/h5-6H,1-4,11H2,(H2,12,14)(H,13,15)(H,16,17)(H,18,19)/t5-,6-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-amino-5-[[(1S)-4-amino-1-carboxy-4-oxobutyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~363.29 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.6329 mL | 18.1646 mL | 36.3293 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7266 mL | 3.6329 mL | 7.2659 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3633 mL | 1.8165 mL | 3.6329 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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