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| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
H-DL-Nle-OH is classified as an amino acid derivative, with its primary application being in peptide synthesis and protein research. It does not have a specific biological receptor target; rather, it functions as a non-standard amino acid that can be incorporated into peptides and proteins to study structural variations and their effects on protein function. Its structural similarity to methionine (without sulfur) makes it useful for probing enzyme specificity and protein-ligand interactions.
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| ln Vitro |
Commercial ergot supplements have been made from amino acids and their derivatives. They affect the release of anabolic hormones, the availability of fuel for activity, the ability to think clearly under pressure, and the prevention of muscular damage brought on by exertion. They are regarded as advantageous synergistic food ingredients [1].
Amino acids and amino acid derivatives like H-DL-Nle-OH have been commercially used as ergogenic supplements. They influence the secretion of anabolic hormones, supply of fuel during exercise, mental performance during stress-related tasks, and prevention of exercise-induced muscle damage. In vitro studies have demonstrated that such compounds can serve as beneficial ergogenic substances. H-DL-Nle-OH can be used in cell culture media to investigate amino acid metabolism and transport mechanisms. |
| ln Vivo |
There is limited specific in vivo data available for H-DL-Nle-OH. As an amino acid derivative, it is generally considered to be metabolically incorporated into protein synthesis pathways when administered in vivo. Amino acid derivatives of this class have been studied for their effects on anabolic hormone secretion and fuel supply during physical activity. The compound may be used in animal studies to investigate the effects of non-standard amino acid incorporation on protein function and metabolism.
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| Enzyme Assay |
General protocols for amino acid derivatives involve preparing stock solutions in water or suitable buffers. For receptor binding studies, radiolabeled or fluorescently labeled amino acid derivatives can be incubated with purified enzymes or receptor preparations in binding buffers at physiological pH. After incubation, bound and free ligand are separated by filtration or centrifugation, and binding affinity is determined by Scatchard analysis or competition assays. For enzyme kinetic studies, the compound is incubated with the target enzyme and substrate, and activity is measured spectrophotometrically or by HPLC.
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| Cell Assay |
Standard in vitro cell culture protocols involve dissolving H-DL-Nle-OH in sterile water or cell culture medium at desired concentrations. Cells are plated in multi-well plates and allowed to adhere, then treated with varying concentrations of the compound for 24-72 hours. Cell viability can be assessed using MTT or CCK-8 assays. For amino acid transport studies, cells are incubated with radiolabeled or fluorescently labeled amino acid derivatives, and uptake is measured over time. Appropriate controls and replicates should be included to ensure statistical significance.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal studies with amino acid derivatives typically involve oral gavage or intravenous injection of the compound dissolved in saline or other suitable vehicles. Dosing regimens may include single-dose or multi-dose schedules depending on the study objectives. Blood and tissue samples are collected at various time points for analysis of compound distribution and metabolism. For protein incorporation studies, animals may be fed diets containing the non-standard amino acid, and protein samples are analyzed by mass spectrometry.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties of H-DL-Nle-OH are characteristic of small amino acid derivatives. The compound is expected to be readily absorbed following oral administration due to its small molecular weight (131.18 g/mol) and hydrophilic nature. It is likely distributed throughout body water compartments and metabolized via standard amino acid degradation pathways. The compound shows good solubility in water (5 mg/mL), facilitating formulation for both in vitro and in vivo studies. Elimination is expected primarily via renal excretion.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for H-DL-Nle-OH is limited. As a non-proteinogenic amino acid derivative, it is generally considered to have low acute toxicity. Standard safety precautions for handling laboratory chemicals should be observed. The compound is not intended for human therapeutic use and is classified for research purposes only. In vitro cytotoxicity studies may be performed to establish safe concentration ranges for cell-based assays, with typical IC50 values expected in the millimolar range for amino acid derivatives.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
2-Aminohexanoic acid is an α-amino acid formed by substituting an amino group at the 2-position of hexanoic acid. Functionally, it is related to hexanoic acid.
H-DL-Nle-OH (CAS#: 616-06-8) is also known as DL-Norleucine, 2-Aminohexanoic acid, and (±)-Norleucine. Its molecular formula is C₆H₁₃NO₂ and molecular weight is 131.18. The compound is a racemic mixture consisting of equal parts D- and L-norleucine enantiomers. It is commonly used as an internal standard in amino acid analysis and as a reference compound in chromatography. It has no approved therapeutic indications and is not currently in clinical trials, being exclusively a research-grade chemical. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H13NO2
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
131.1729
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| Exact Mass |
131.094
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| CAS # |
616-06-8
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| Related CAS # |
DL-2-Aminohexanoic acid-d9; 2243004-88-6
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| PubChem CID |
9475
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| Appearance |
White to off-white powder
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| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
234.0±23.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
>300 °C(lit.)
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| Flash Point |
95.3±22.6 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±1.0 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.465
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| LogP |
0.92
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
4
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| Heavy Atom Count |
9
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| Complexity |
93.1
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
O([H])C(C([H])(C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H])N([H])[H])=O
|
| InChi Key |
LRQKBLKVPFOOQJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H13NO2/c1-2-3-4-5(7)6(8)9/h5H,2-4,7H2,1H3,(H,8,9)
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| Chemical Name |
2-aminohexanoic acid
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| Synonyms |
H-DL-Nle-OH
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~5 mg/mL (~38.12 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 7.6237 mL | 38.1185 mL | 76.2369 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.5247 mL | 7.6237 mL | 15.2474 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.7624 mL | 3.8118 mL | 7.6237 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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