| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
|
||
| 10mg | |||
| 25mg | |||
| 50mg | |||
| 100mg |
| Targets |
Gypenoside XIII targets multiple pathways involved in neurodegeneration, cancer, and cardiovascular disease. As a gypenoside, it is structurally similar to ginsenosides and is thought to modulate similar signaling pathways. Its anti-Alzheimer's disease activity is likely mediated through the inhibition of neuroinflammation and the reduction of amyloid-beta accumulation. Its anticancer effects may involve the induction of apoptosis and inhibition of cell proliferation. Its cardioprotective effects are likely related to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Gypenoside XIII has been shown to have various pharmacological properties. It protects against cardiovascular diseases, especially atherosclerosis. It has anti-Alzheimer's disease and anticancer activities. Quantitative in vitro activity data, such as IC50 values for specific targets, is not detailed in the publicly available sources.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo activity data for Gypenoside XIII is limited in publicly available literature. As a compound with potent pharmacological properties in vitro, it is hypothesized to exhibit similar effects in animal models. However, specific in vivo efficacy studies, including pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic parameters, have not been detailed in the available sources. Further research is needed to fully characterize its in vivo activity.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
For cell-free enzyme assays, the activity of Gypenoside XIII can be studied using enzyme inhibition assays for its potential targets, such as acetylcholinesterase (for Alzheimer's disease) or HMG-CoA reductase (for cardiovascular disease). The compound is incubated with the purified enzyme and its substrate, and the inhibition of enzyme activity is measured.
|
| Cell Assay |
For in vitro cellular assays, the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of Gypenoside XIII can be assessed in various cell models. Its effect on neuroinflammation can be studied in microglial cells stimulated with LPS. Its anticancer activity can be assessed in cancer cell lines by measuring cell viability.
|
| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo studies, Gypenoside XIII could be administered orally or intraperitoneally in rodent models of Alzheimer's disease, cancer, or atherosclerosis. Its efficacy would be assessed by measuring relevant biomarkers and pathological changes.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Gypenoside XIII has a molecular formula of C41H70O12 and a molecular weight of 754.99 g/mol. Its CAS number is 80325-22-0. It is a triterpenoid saponin and is typically supplied as a powder. It is soluble in DMSO and ethanol. For in vitro studies, stock solutions are prepared in DMSO. For in vivo administration, it can be formulated in suitable vehicles. Storage is recommended at 4°C, protected from light. Its purity is typically >98% for research use.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
No detailed toxicity data is publicly available. As a natural saponin, its safety profile would need to be established through standard toxicological studies. In vitro cytotoxicity assays in various cell lines are typically performed alongside efficacy studies to confirm that the observed effects are not due to a general reduction in cell viability.
|
| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Ginsenoside Mx is a saponin found in ginseng (Panax ginseng), belonging to the dammarane-type ginsenosides. Its 3β, 12β, and 20 original S positions are replaced by hydroxyl groups, with the 20-hydroxyl group being converted to the corresponding β-D-xylanopyranosyl-β-D-glucopyranoside. It possesses antitumor activity and is also a plant metabolite. It is a ginsenoside, a tetracyclic triterpenoid, a β-D-glucopyranoside, a disaccharide derivative, and a 3β-hydroxy-4,4-dimethyl steroid. Its function is related to (20S)-protopanaxadiol. It is derived from the hydride of dammarane.
It has been reported that ginsenoside Mx is also found in Gynostemma pentaphyllum, Centella asiatica, and Fusarium sacchari, but the relevant data are still unclear. Gypenoside XIII is a research-grade compound and is not approved for any therapeutic use. It serves primarily as a valuable pharmacological tool for studying the mechanisms of gypenosides and ginsenosides. Its mechanism of action is related to its structural class, and it has a wide range of potential therapeutic applications. No clinical trials have been reported. |
| Molecular Formula |
C41H70O12
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
754.98731470108
|
| Exact Mass |
754.486
|
| CAS # |
80325-22-0
|
| PubChem CID |
11331683
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| LogP |
3.5
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
8
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
12
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
53
|
| Complexity |
1320
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
19
|
| SMILES |
CC(=CCC[C@@](C)([C@H]1CC[C@@]2([C@@H]1[C@@H](C[C@H]3[C@]2(CC[C@@H]4[C@@]3(CC[C@@H](C4(C)C)O)C)C)O)C)O[C@H]5[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O5)CO[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H](CO6)O)O)O)O)O)O)C
|
| InChi Key |
YNBYFOIDLBTOMW-IPTBNLQOSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C41H70O12/c1-21(2)10-9-14-41(8,53-36-34(49)32(47)31(46)25(52-36)20-51-35-33(48)30(45)24(43)19-50-35)22-11-16-40(7)29(22)23(42)18-27-38(5)15-13-28(44)37(3,4)26(38)12-17-39(27,40)6/h10,22-36,42-49H,9,11-20H2,1-8H3/t22-,23+,24+,25+,26-,27+,28-,29-,30-,31+,32-,33+,34+,35-,36-,38-,39+,40+,41-/m0/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[(2S)-2-[(3S,5R,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-3,12-dihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-17-yl]-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]oxy-6-[[(2S,3R,4S,5R)-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]oxane-3,4,5-triol
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.3245 mL | 6.6226 mL | 13.2452 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.2649 mL | 1.3245 mL | 2.6490 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1325 mL | 0.6623 mL | 1.3245 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
