| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg |
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| Targets |
The specific molecular targets of griffonin have not been extensively characterized in publicly available literature. As with many natural products, it may interact with multiple cellular targets including enzymes, receptors, or signaling proteins. Further studies are needed to fully elucidate its mechanism of action and target specificity. Preliminary studies may suggest activity against certain targets based on structural similarity to related natural products.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro studies have been conducted to evaluate the biological activity of griffonin, though detailed results are limited in publicly accessible sources. The compound has been used in cell-based assays to assess its effects on various cellular functions including proliferation, apoptosis, and antimicrobial activity. Researchers should consult primary literature for specific IC₅₀ values, efficacy data, and detailed experimental results.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo studies of griffonin have been performed in animal models to evaluate its pharmacokinetic properties, efficacy, and safety profile. These studies are typically conducted in rodents and may involve various routes of administration. The compound's therapeutic potential has been explored in disease models relevant to its suspected mechanism of action. Detailed results are available in specialized pharmacological literature.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For enzyme inhibition assays, griffonin is typically dissolved in an appropriate solvent (e.g., DMSO) and tested at various concentrations (ranging from nanomolar to micromolar) against purified enzyme preparations or cell lysates. Activity is measured using chromogenic, fluorogenic, or radiometric substrates, and IC₅₀ values are calculated from dose-response curves. For receptor binding studies, radioligand displacement assays are performed using membrane preparations.
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| Cell Assay |
For cell-based assays, appropriate cell lines are cultured in standard media at 37°C with 5% CO₂. Cells are treated with griffonin at various concentrations (typically 0.1-100 µM) for specified time periods. Cell viability is assessed using MTT, CCK-8, or CellTiter-Glo assays. Signaling pathway modulation is analyzed by Western blot for phosphorylated proteins. Apoptosis is evaluated by Annexin V/PI staining and caspase activity assays.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo efficacy studies are conducted in rodent models. Griffonin is formulated in suitable vehicles (e.g., saline, DMSO/PEG mixtures, or other approved formulations) and administered via oral gavage, intraperitoneal, intravenous, or subcutaneous injection at specified doses. Pharmacokinetic parameters are assessed by collecting blood samples and analyzing compound concentrations via HPLC or LC-MS/MS. Efficacy is evaluated by measuring relevant disease biomarkers or endpoints.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Physicochemical properties of griffonin include its molecular weight, logP, and solubility characteristics, which are available from chemical suppliers. The compound is typically stored as a powder at -20°C or 4°C and is soluble in DMSO. For in vivo formulations, appropriate vehicles are used based on solubility and administration route requirements. Stability and handling conditions should follow manufacturer recommendations.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Lithospermoside is a glycoside. It has been reported to exist in Semiaquilegia adoxoides, Lophira alata, and other organisms with relevant data.
Griffonin is a naturally occurring compound that has been studied for its biological activities including potential antimicrobial, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory effects. Due to limited publicly available information, researchers are advised to consult primary literature, patents, and specialized databases for comprehensive pharmacological data, including detailed target information, assay protocols, and clinical development status. The compound is intended for research purposes only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C14H19NO8
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
329.3
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| Exact Mass |
329.111
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| CAS # |
63492-69-3
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| PubChem CID |
10065132
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.6±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
662.4±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
271ºC (DEC.)
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| Flash Point |
354.4±31.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±4.6 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.654
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| LogP |
-3.58
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
9
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
3
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| Heavy Atom Count |
23
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| Complexity |
526
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
8
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| SMILES |
C1=C/C(=C/C#N)/[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]1O)O)O[C@H]2[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O2)CO)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
WIIDBJNWXCWLKF-VVAXPEBGSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C14H19NO8/c15-4-3-6-1-2-7(17)9(18)13(6)23-14-12(21)11(20)10(19)8(5-16)22-14/h1-3,7-14,16-21H,5H2/b6-3-/t7-,8-,9+,10-,11+,12-,13+,14+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2Z)-2-[(4R,5S,6S)-4,5-dihydroxy-6-[(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxycyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene]acetonitrile
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| Synonyms |
Griffonia simplicifolia extracts; Lithospermoside; Griffonin
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~31.25 mg/mL (~94.90 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.0367 mL | 15.1837 mL | 30.3674 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6073 mL | 3.0367 mL | 6.0735 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3037 mL | 1.5184 mL | 3.0367 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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