| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 25mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
Purity: =99.97%
| Targets |
(Rac)-GR24 targets strigolactone receptors in plants, particularly the D14 receptor (an α/β hydrolase) and its homologs such as DAD2 in Striga. Strigolactone binding induces a conformational change, leading to the ubiquitination and degradation of D53 (a protein necessary for axillary shoot development), which relieves repression of shoot branching. In parasitic plants, GR24 acts as a germination stimulus by activating receptor-mediated signaling pathways. In arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, GR24 stimulates spore germination by boosting energy metabolism.
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| ln Vitro |
Germination of Striga hermonthica (Del.) Bentth seeds in response to the strigol analogue GR 24 was strongly influenced by soil moisture prior to, at, or after, stimulation. Exposure of seeds to excessive soil moisture contents (70% w/w) during conditioning resulted in a low response to GR 24. Transfer of Seeds from soil at 70% moisture to a lower moisture level (47%) for 2 days or more improved the response to GR 24 (37–58% germination), white air-drying restored germination (88%). In Gezira soil the optimum soil moisture contents for maximum response to GR 24 were 44, 38 and 40% during conditioning, stimulation and germination, respectively. The corresponding figures for the sandy soil were 20, 22 and 22%, respectively. Persistence of GR 24 was similar in both soil types, but was strongly influenced by soil moisture content. The stimulant was stable in air-dry soil, but a rapid loss was encountered in moist soil. [1]
In vitro, (Rac)-GR24 stimulates the germination of parasitic weed seeds including Striga and Orobanche species with EC50 values ranging from 5 to 50 nM. It also promotes the mitosis and growth of the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora rosea by enhancing energy metabolism. GR24 effectively inhibits lateral shoot branching in plant assays by activating strigolactone receptor signaling pathways, demonstrating its role as a potent plant growth regulator. |
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, (Rac)-GR24 is used in agricultural research as a plant hormone analog to study the physiological effects of strigolactones on plant development. It has been shown to reduce the number of parasitic seeds in soil by inducing suicidal germination, thereby serving as a potential biocontrol strategy for managing parasitic weed infestations. GR24's effects on shoot branching and root architecture have been characterized in various plant species, where it mimics endogenous strigolactone signaling.
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| Enzyme Assay |
For receptor binding studies with strigolactone receptors, radiolabeled GR24 analogs or competitive binding assays can be performed using purified receptor proteins such as D14 or its homologs. The receptor is incubated with varying concentrations of GR24 (typically 0.1-1000 nM) in binding buffer for 1-2 hours at room temperature. Nonspecific binding is determined in the presence of excess unlabeled competitor. Bound ligand is separated by filtration, and radioactivity is quantified to calculate IC50 or Ki values.
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| Cell Assay |
For seed germination assays, seeds of parasitic plants (Striga or Orobanche) are surface-sterilized and conditioned in water for 7-14 days at 30°C in the dark. Conditioned seeds are then placed on glass fiber filters and treated with varying concentrations of GR24 (0.1-1000 nM) in germination medium. Seeds are incubated for 5-10 days, and germination is scored under a microscope. For lateral shoot branching assays, plants are grown in growth chambers, and GR24 is applied to root systems or directly to axillary buds. Branching is quantified over time.
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| Animal Protocol |
For in vivo plant studies, GR24 is typically administered to plants via root application in hydroponic culture or soil drench at concentrations ranging from 0.1-10 μM. In parasitic weed management studies, GR24 is applied to soil at rates of 0.5-5 g/ha to induce suicidal germination of Striga seeds. In mycorrhizal symbiosis studies, GR24 is applied to pot cultures containing arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and host plants, and colonization rates and fungal growth are assessed after 4-8 weeks.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
(Rac)-GR24 is soluble in DMSO at 100 mg/mL and can be formulated for biological studies. For plant applications, it is typically dissolved in a small volume of acetone or DMSO and diluted with water containing surfactant. Storage is recommended at -20°C for long-term stability. As a plant hormone analog, GR24 is not intended for pharmacokinetic studies in animals, but its stability and translocation in plants have been studied using labeled analogs.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
In plant research applications, (Rac)-GR24 is generally non-toxic at the low concentrations used for germination stimulation (nanomolar to micromolar range). Higher concentrations may cause off-target effects on other plant hormonal pathways. The compound is not intended for human or veterinary use and should be handled with standard laboratory safety precautions. Comprehensive toxicology studies in animals have not been performed.
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| References |
[1]. Influence of soil moisture on activity and persistence of the strigol analogue GR 24. Weed research 27.3 (1987): 173-178.
[2]. Effect of GR24 Stereoisomers on Plant Development in Arabidopsis. Mol Plant. 2016 Oct 10;9(10):1432-1435. |
| Additional Infomation |
(+)-GR24 is a (3E)-3-{[(4-methyl-5-oxo-2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl)oxy]methylene}-3,3a,4,8b-tetrahydro-2H-indeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one, whose indenofuranone moiety has a (3E,3aR,8bS) configuration and a chiral center R on the furanone ring. It is a synthetic strigolactone and an enantiomer of (-)-GR24.
(Rac)-GR24 is a synthetic strigolactone analog used in agricultural research to study plant hormonal signaling, parasitic weed management, and arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. It is not approved for therapeutic use in humans or animals. The compound is available as a research reagent for plant biology and agricultural applications. Its mechanism involves mimicking natural germination stimuli for parasitic seeds and regulating shoot branching through strigolactone receptor-mediated degradation of D53. GR24 is a valuable tool for studying strigolactone biology and developing strategies for parasitic weed control. |
| Molecular Formula |
C17H14O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
298.2901
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| Exact Mass |
298.084
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| Elemental Analysis |
C, 68.45; H, 4.73; O, 26.82
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| CAS # |
76974-79-3
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| PubChem CID |
11358436
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| LogP |
2.186
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
0
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
22
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| Complexity |
576
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
O1C(C(=C([H])O[C@@]2([H])C([H])=C(C([H])([H])[H])C(=O)O2)[C@@]2([H])C([H])([H])C3=C([H])C([H])=C([H])C([H])=C3[C@@]12[H])=O
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| InChi Key |
XHSDUVBUZOUAOQ-WJQMYRPNSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C17H14O5/c1-9-6-14(21-16(9)18)20-8-13-12-7-10-4-2-3-5-11(10)15(12)22-17(13)19/h2-6,8,12,14-15H,7H2,1H3/b13-8+/t12-,14-,15-/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(3E,3aR,8bS)-3-[[(2R)-4-methyl-5-oxo-2H-furan-2-yl]oxymethylidene]-4,8b-dihydro-3aH-indeno[1,2-b]furan-2-one
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| Synonyms |
StrigolactoneGR24; (+)-Strigolactone GR24; (+)-GR24; 76974-79-3; Strigolactone GR24; strigolactone; GR-24; GR 24; GR24; Strigolactone GR24; strigolactone; (Rac)-GR24; rac-GR24; (Rac)-GR-24; (3AR*,8BS*,E)-3-(((R*)-4-METHYL-5-OXO-2,5-DIHYDROFURAN-2-YLOXY)METHYLENE)-3,3A,4,8B-TETRAHYDRO-2H-INDENO[1,2-B]FURAN-2-ONE;
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO: ~100 mg/mL (335.2 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.3524 mL | 16.7622 mL | 33.5244 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6705 mL | 3.3524 mL | 6.7049 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3352 mL | 1.6762 mL | 3.3524 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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