| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 50mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Glycolate oxidase (glycolic acid oxidase).
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, glycolic acid oxidase inhibitor 1 functions as a competitive or irreversible inhibitor of glycolate oxidase, the enzyme responsible for converting glycolate to glyoxylate, a precursor of oxalate. By inhibiting this enzyme, the compound reduces the production of oxalate, the primary component of calcium oxalate kidney stones. The compound also inhibits SRS-A-induced contraction of guinea pig ileum in tissue bath assays, indicating additional anti-allergic/anti-inflammatory activity.
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| ln Vivo |
Glycolate oxidase inhibitor 1 reduces oxalate production in isolated perfused rat liver. Glycolate oxidase inhibitors provide a specialized technique for the prevention and treatment of calcium oxalate kidney stones [1].
In vivo, glycolic acid oxidase inhibitor 1 has been shown to suppress oxalate biosynthesis in isolated perfused rat liver. In this ex vivo model, perfusion of rat livers with the inhibitor results in a significant reduction in oxalate production, demonstrating the compound's ability to modulate hepatic oxalate metabolism. |
| Enzyme Assay |
Enzyme inhibition assays are performed using purified glycolate oxidase enzyme. The assay mixture contains glycolate substrate, the test compound at varying concentrations (typically 0.1-100 microM), and the enzyme in appropriate buffer (e.g., 50 mM Tris-HCl, pH 8.0). The reaction is initiated by addition of substrate and incubated at 25-37degC for 10-30 minutes. Enzyme activity is measured by monitoring the production of glyoxylate or consumption of oxygen using spectrophotometric or fluorometric methods. IC₅0 values are determined by plotting percent inhibition against compound concentration. For SRS-A antagonism, guinea pig ileum segments are mounted in organ baths, contracted with SRS-A, and the inhibitory effect of the compound on contraction is measured isometrically.
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| Cell Assay |
No cell-based assay data are specifically reported for this compound. As a metabolic enzyme inhibitor, its primary mechanism does not require cellular uptake for activity. However, cell-based assays could be designed using hepatocyte cultures or kidney cell lines to measure oxalate production following glycolate challenge, with compound treatment to assess inhibition of cellular oxalate synthesis. Cytotoxicity could be evaluated in relevant cell lines using standard MTT or LDH assays to determine the compound's safety profile at effective concentrations.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo activity is evaluated using isolated perfused rat liver models. Rat livers are surgically removed and perfused with oxygenated Krebs-Henseleit buffer containing glycolate and the test compound at varying concentrations. Perfusate samples are collected at multiple time points, and oxalate concentrations are measured using enzymatic or chromatographic methods. The reduction in oxalate production relative to control perfusions indicates compound efficacy. For anti-allergic activity, guinea pig ileum contraction assays are performed ex vivo using tissues from sensitized animals.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Pharmacokinetic properties have not been extensively characterized for this research compound. Based on its chemical structure (C1₆H10BrNO3, MW 344.16), the compound is expected to have moderate lipophilicity and reasonable oral bioavailability. It is soluble in DMSO (120 mg/mL). Metabolic stability and plasma protein binding data are not reported in the available literature. As a small-molecule enzyme inhibitor, it is likely subject to hepatic metabolism and renal excretion.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for glycolic acid oxidase inhibitor 1 are limited. The compound is intended for research use only and not for human consumption. No acute or chronic toxicity studies have been reported in the literature. The compound's safety profile is inferred from its mechanism of action-inhibiting oxalate production is not expected to cause significant toxicity, though long-term effects of glycolate accumulation are unknown. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be followed when handling this compound.
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| References |
[1]. Cragoe Jr., Edward J, et al. 4-Substituted-3-hydroxy-3-pyrroline-2,5-dione compounds, process for their preparation and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same.EP0021228A1.
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| Additional Infomation |
Glycolic acid oxidase inhibitor 1 is a research compound derived from patent literature and is not an approved drug. It is used primarily as a tool compound to study the role of glycolate oxidase in oxalate metabolism and kidney stone formation. The compound also shows inhibitory activity against SRS-A-induced contraction, indicating potential cross-reactivity with leukotriene pathways or additional anti-inflammatory mechanisms. This dual activity makes it an interesting candidate for studying the intersection of metabolic and allergic disease pathways, though further mechanistic studies are needed.
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| Molecular Formula |
C16H10BRNO3
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
344.1595
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| Exact Mass |
342.984
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| CAS # |
77529-42-1
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| PubChem CID |
54702980
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| Appearance |
Typically exists as solid at room temperature
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| Density |
1.641g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
528.9ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
273.7ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.688
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| LogP |
3.317
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
2
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
3
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
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| Heavy Atom Count |
21
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| Complexity |
472
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| SMILES |
BrC1C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=1[H])C1C([H])=C([H])C(=C([H])C=1[H])C1C(N([H])C(C=1O[H])=O)=O
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| InChi Key |
WMLWRZOUOGMDNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C16H10BrNO3/c17-12-7-5-10(6-8-12)9-1-3-11(4-2-9)13-14(19)16(21)18-15(13)20/h1-8H,(H2,18,19,20,21)
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| Chemical Name |
3-[4-(4-bromophenyl)phenyl]-4-hydroxypyrrole-2,5-dione
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ≥ 137 mg/mL (~398.07 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 2.9056 mL | 14.5281 mL | 29.0563 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.5811 mL | 2.9056 mL | 5.8113 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.2906 mL | 1.4528 mL | 2.9056 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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