| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5mg |
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| 1g | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Ginsenoside Rh4 targets multiple signaling pathways. It has been shown to activate AMPK, inhibit NF-κB and MAPK pathways, and modulate PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling. It may also interact with glucocorticoid receptors and estrogen receptors, contributing to its diverse biological effects.
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|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
In vitro, ginsenoside Rh4 exhibits anti-inflammatory activity by reducing the production of NO, TNF-α, and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated macrophages. It shows cytotoxic activity against various cancer cell lines, including breast, colon, and lung cancer cells. It also protects neuronal cells from oxidative stress-induced damage.
|
| ln Vivo |
In vivo, ginsenoside Rh4 has demonstrated anti-tumor activity in mouse xenograft models. It also has protective effects in models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease, by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays are performed using purified kinases (e.g., AMPK, PI3K) or transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB). Ginsenoside Rh4 is incubated with the enzyme and substrates, and activity is measured by radioactivity or fluorescence. Cytokine levels are measured by ELISA.
|
| Cell Assay |
Macrophage cell lines (e.g., RAW 264.7) or cancer cell lines are cultured and treated with ginsenoside Rh4. Cell viability is assessed by MTT assay. Apoptosis is assessed by flow cytometry. Protein expression is analyzed by Western blot. Inflammatory markers (NO, TNF-α, IL-6) are measured in cell supernatants.
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| Animal Protocol |
Animal models include nude mice bearing xenograft tumors. Ginsenoside Rh4 is administered via intraperitoneal injection or oral gavage. Tumor volume and weight are measured. For neuroprotection, animal models of Parkinson's disease (MPTP-induced) or Alzheimer's disease are used, and behavioral tests are performed. Brain tissues are analyzed for oxidative stress and inflammation markers.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Ginsenoside Rh4 is a saponin with moderate bioavailability. It is metabolized by intestinal microbiota to more active metabolites. Pharmacokinetic parameters such as bioavailability, half-life, and tissue distribution are not fully characterized for this specific ginsenoside. It is expected to be eliminated via bile and urine.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Ginsenoside Rh4 is considered to have low toxicity based on the general safety profile of ginsenosides. No significant acute or chronic toxicity has been reported in animal studies. Comprehensive toxicological data are limited. It is generally well-tolerated at pharmacological doses.
|
| Additional Infomation |
Ginsenoside Rh4 is a triterpenoid saponin. It has been reported that ginsenoside Rh4 exists in Panax notoginseng and Vietnamese ginseng, and relevant data are available for reference.
Ginsenoside Rh4 is a research compound with potential therapeutic applications in cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. It is not an approved drug and is not in clinical trials. It is used as a reference compound in studies of ginseng pharmacology and saponin biology. |
| Molecular Formula |
C36H60O8
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
620.8568
|
| Exact Mass |
620.428
|
| CAS # |
174721-08-5
|
| PubChem CID |
21599928
|
| Appearance |
Off-white to light yellow solid powder
|
| Density |
1.2±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
723.4±60.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Flash Point |
391.3±32.9 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±5.3 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.579
|
| LogP |
5.23
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
6
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
6
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
44
|
| Complexity |
1120
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
15
|
| SMILES |
O([C@@]1([H])[C@@]([H])([C@]([H])([C@@]([H])([C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])O[H])O1)O[H])O[H])O[H])[C@@]1([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]2(C([H])([H])[H])[C@]3(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@]([H])(/C(=C(/[H])\C([H])([H])/C(/[H])=C(\C([H])([H])[H])/C([H])([H])[H])/C([H])([H])[H])[C@@]3([H])[C@@]([H])(C([H])([H])[C@]2([H])[C@@]2(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[C@@]([H])(C(C([H])([H])[H])(C([H])([H])[H])[C@@]21[H])O[H])O[H]
|
| InChi Key |
OZTXYFOXQFKYRP-TXRYYSRHSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C36H60O8/c1-19(2)10-9-11-20(3)21-12-15-35(7)27(21)22(38)16-25-34(6)14-13-26(39)33(4,5)31(34)23(17-36(25,35)8)43-32-30(42)29(41)28(40)24(18-37)44-32/h10-11,21-32,37-42H,9,12-18H2,1-8H3/b20-11+/t21-,22-,23+,24-,25-,26+,27+,28-,29+,30-,31+,32-,34-,35-,36-/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2R,3R,4S,5S,6R)-2-[[(3S,5R,6S,8R,9R,10R,12R,13R,14R,17S)-3,12-dihydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-17-[(2E)-6-methylhepta-2,5-dien-2-yl]-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-6-yl]oxy]-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 1.6107 mL | 8.0533 mL | 16.1067 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.3221 mL | 1.6107 mL | 3.2213 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.1611 mL | 0.8053 mL | 1.6107 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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