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| Targets |
Ginsenoside Ra3 is a saponin that has been reported to have anti-cancer activity. Its mechanism of action is likely related to its ability to modulate various signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammation. As a PPD-type ginsenoside, it may share similar activities with other ginsenosides, such as Rb1, Rb2, and Rc. It has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, Ginsenoside Ra3 demonstrates anti-cancer activity. It has been shown to inhibit the growth of cancer cells, although specific IC50 values are not widely reported. It also exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects. These activities are consistent with the broader class of ginsenosides, which are known for their diverse pharmacological properties.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, Ginsenoside Ra3 is believed to contribute to the pharmacological effects of Panax ginseng, which is used traditionally as a tonic and adaptogen. The plant is used for its purported benefits in improving vitality, reducing stress, and enhancing cognitive function. Ginsenoside Ra3's antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective activities may contribute to these effects.
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| Enzyme Assay |
The in vitro cytotoxicity assay for Ginsenoside Ra3 involves treating cancer cell lines with varying concentrations of the compound. Cell viability is assessed using standard colorimetric assays like MTT or SRB after 48-72 hours of treatment, from which the IC50 value is determined. Its antioxidant activity is measured by DPPH or ABTS radical scavenging assays.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell culture studies for Ginsenoside Ra3 utilize cancer cell lines to study its antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic effects. Cells are treated with the compound, and apoptosis is detected by flow cytometry using Annexin V/PI staining. Cell cycle analysis is performed by propidium iodide staining. The expression of proteins involved in cell survival and apoptosis is analyzed by Western blotting.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for Ginsenoside Ra3 are not extensively documented. However, its anticancer effects could be studied in xenograft models. Its neuroprotective effects could be studied in models of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease. Its anti-inflammatory effects could be studied in models of acute or chronic inflammation.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Ginsenoside Ra3 has a molecular formula of C59H100O27 and a molecular weight of 1241.4 g/mol. It is a solid compound that is practically insoluble in water (8.4e-4 g/L at 25°C). It is soluble in organic solvents like DMSO. It is typically stored as a powder at -20°C for long-term stability. Its stability is maintained under recommended storage conditions.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Toxicological data for Ginsenoside Ra3 are limited, as it is a research compound. As a natural product from Panax ginseng, it is generally considered to have low toxicity. However, as a research compound, it is not intended for human therapeutic use, and comprehensive toxicity studies are not available. Standard safety precautions should be followed.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
It has been reported that ginsenoside Ra3 exists in Panax notoginseng and ginseng, and relevant data is available for reference.
Ginsenoside Ra3 is a research compound with no clinical approval. It is a valuable tool for studying the pharmacology of ginsenosides and their potential applications in cancer, inflammation, and neurodegenerative diseases. Its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory effects make it a compound of interest for research into various diseases. |
| Molecular Formula |
C59H100O27
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
1241.4091
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| Exact Mass |
1240.645
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| CAS # |
90985-77-6
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| PubChem CID |
73157064
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.48±0.1 g/cm3(Predicted)
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| LogP |
-1.3
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
17
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
27
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
18
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| Heavy Atom Count |
86
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| Complexity |
2270
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
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| InChi Key |
QUNSGRLNZDSQJC-UHFFFAOYSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C59H100O27/c1-24(2)10-9-14-59(8,86-53-46(75)42(71)39(68)31(82-53)23-78-51-47(76)48(40(69)30(21-62)79-51)84-50-44(73)36(65)27(64)22-77-50)25-11-16-58(7)35(25)26(63)18-33-56(5)15-13-34(55(3,4)32(56)12-17-57(33,58)6)83-54-49(43(72)38(67)29(20-61)81-54)85-52-45(74)41(70)37(66)28(19-60)80-52/h10,25-54,60-76H,9,11-23H2,1-8H3
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| Chemical Name |
2-[2-[[17-[2-[6-[[3,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)-4-(3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl)oxyoxan-2-yl]oxymethyl]-3,4,5-trihydroxyoxan-2-yl]oxy-6-methylhept-5-en-2-yl]-12-hydroxy-4,4,8,10,14-pentamethyl-2,3,5,6,7,9,11,12,13,15,16,17-dodecahydro-1H-cyclopenta[a]phenanthren-3-yl]oxy]-4,5-dihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4,5-triol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 0.8055 mL | 4.0277 mL | 8.0554 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.1611 mL | 0.8055 mL | 1.6111 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.0806 mL | 0.4028 mL | 0.8055 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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