| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 250mg | |||
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| Targets |
gamma-Glutamylornithine targets gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), a key enzyme in the metabolism of glutathione and other thiol compounds. By inhibiting GGT, the compound modulates the gamma-glutamyl cycle, which is involved in amino acid transport and glutathione homeostasis. The compound also interacts with the urea cycle and nitrogen metabolism pathways. As a metabolite found in patients with certain metabolic disorders, its accumulation reflects dysfunction in these pathways. The compound may exhibit various physiological effects, including potential roles in cellular metabolism and signaling.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, gamma-Glutamylornithine functions as an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyltransferase activity. Its presence in urine samples from patients with HHH syndrome indicates its role as a biomarker for these metabolic disorders. The compound's ability to inhibit GGT has been characterized in biochemical assays using purified enzyme preparations. Its involvement in the gamma-glutamyl cycle suggests potential effects on glutathione metabolism and cellular redox balance. The compound's biological activities include roles in metabolic regulation and possible therapeutic applications.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, gamma-Glutamylornithine is found as a urinary excretion product in patients with HHH syndrome and orotic aciduria-related recurrent ataxia. Its presence in urine serves as a diagnostic marker for these metabolic disorders. The compound's accumulation reflects disturbances in the urea cycle and nitrogen metabolism. It may also have implications in nutrition and health, particularly in relation to amino acid metabolism. The compound's role in metabolism suggests potential physiological effects that warrant further investigation.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for gamma-Glutamylornithine typically involve measuring the inhibition of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity using purified enzyme preparations. The compound is incubated with GGT and appropriate substrates, and the rate of enzymatic reaction is measured spectrophotometrically. Inhibition constants (IC50 or Ki) are determined from dose-response curves. These cell-free assays provide quantitative data on the compound's potency as a GGT inhibitor. The compound's interactions with other enzymes involved in the gamma-glutamyl cycle can also be assessed using similar biochemical approaches.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for gamma-Glutamylornithine are not extensively reported, as the compound is primarily studied as a metabolite and biomarker. Cellular studies may involve treating cells with the compound to assess its effects on glutathione levels, cellular redox status, and gamma-glutamyltransferase activity. The compound's effects on amino acid transport and metabolism can be studied in cultured cells. Its potential roles in cellular signaling and metabolic regulation are areas of ongoing research.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for gamma-Glutamylornithine have not been extensively reported. As a naturally occurring metabolite, its effects are studied primarily in the context of metabolic disorders. Animal models of HHH syndrome or related urea cycle disorders may be used to study the compound's accumulation and its role in disease pathophysiology. The compound's potential therapeutic applications would require further preclinical evaluation in appropriate animal models.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
gamma-Glutamylornithine has a molecular weight of 261.278 and a molecular formula that reflects its dipeptide structure. It is a water-soluble compound typical of amino acid derivatives. As a metabolite found in urine, it is excreted by the kidneys. The compound's pharmacokinetic properties are characteristic of small peptides and amino acid derivatives. Its stability in biological fluids and its detection methods have been established for diagnostic purposes. The compound's role in metabolism suggests it undergoes typical peptide metabolism pathways.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicity data for gamma-Glutamylornithine is not extensively reported in the literature. As a naturally occurring metabolite, its presence in urine is associated with certain metabolic disorders rather than direct toxicity. The compound's accumulation reflects underlying metabolic dysfunction rather than causing toxicity itself. Standard toxicological studies would be required for any therapeutic applications. The compound is considered a research tool for studying gamma-glutamyltransferase function and metabolic disorders.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
γ-Glutamylornithine is a dipeptide.
gamma-Glutamylornithine is a dipeptide and metabolite found in the urine of patients with HHH syndrome and orotic aciduria-related recurrent ataxia. It functions as an inhibitor of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), an enzyme involved in glutathione metabolism. The compound plays a role in nitrogen and amino acid metabolism, particularly in the urea cycle. It has garnered attention for its potential biological activities, including roles in metabolic regulation and possible therapeutic applications. The compound is also known as gamma-Glu-orn. |
| Molecular Formula |
C10H19N3O5
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
261.27
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| Exact Mass |
261.132
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| CAS # |
56523-61-6
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| PubChem CID |
189156
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Density |
1.3±0.1 g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
613.7±55.0 °C at 760 mmHg
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| Melting Point |
209 °C
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| Flash Point |
324.9±31.5 °C
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| Vapour Pressure |
0.0±3.8 mmHg at 25°C
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| Index of Refraction |
1.544
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| LogP |
-1.55
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
7
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
9
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| Heavy Atom Count |
18
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| Complexity |
308
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
2
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| SMILES |
C(C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N)CN
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| InChi Key |
FCQBDQYWNGUTPD-BQBZGAKWSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H19N3O5/c11-5-1-2-7(10(17)18)13-9(16)6(12)3-4-8(14)15/h6-7H,1-5,11-12H2,(H,13,16)(H,14,15)(H,17,18)/t6-,7-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(4S)-4-amino-5-[[(1S)-4-amino-1-carboxybutyl]amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid
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| Synonyms |
gamma-Glu-orn; gamma-Glutamylornithine
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: (1). This product requires protection from light (avoid light exposure) during transportation and storage. (2). Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
H2O : ~125 mg/mL (~478.43 mM)
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.8275 mL | 19.1373 mL | 38.2746 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7655 mL | 3.8275 mL | 7.6549 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3827 mL | 1.9137 mL | 3.8275 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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