| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 5mg |
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| 10mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Galanthamine N-oxide targets acetylcholinesterase, the enzyme responsible for the breakdown of acetylcholine. As an N-oxide derivative of galanthamine, it may have reduced activity compared to the parent compound. Its effects on the cholinergic system are related to its ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase. The compound's specific binding affinity and inhibitory potency have been characterized in biochemical assays. It is a metabolite of galanthamine.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, galanthamine N-oxide has been studied for its effects on acetylcholinesterase activity. Its inhibitory potency has been compared to that of galanthamine. The compound's activity may be lower than the parent compound due to the N-oxide modification. Its effects on neuronal cells and cholinergic signaling have been studied. Its role as a metabolite has been characterized in various in vitro systems.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, galanthamine N-oxide is a metabolite of galanthamine. It is formed through the oxidation of galanthamine in the body. Its presence in biological fluids reflects the metabolism of galanthamine. Its pharmacological activity in vivo is related to its ability to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, although its potency may be reduced compared to galanthamine. Its role in the therapeutic effects of galanthamine is not fully understood.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for galanthamine N-oxide involve measuring the inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity using purified enzyme preparations. The compound is incubated with acetylcholinesterase and a chromogenic substrate, and the rate of substrate hydrolysis is measured spectrophotometrically. The IC50 value is determined from dose-response curves. Its activity is compared to that of galanthamine.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for galanthamine N-oxide involve treating neuronal cells with the compound to assess its effects on cholinergic signaling. Acetylcholine levels in cell lysates or culture media are measured. The compound's effects on cell viability and function are also assessed. These assays characterize its biological activity and compare it to galanthamine.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for galanthamine N-oxide have been conducted to study its metabolism and pharmacokinetics. Animals are administered galanthamine, and the formation of galanthamine N-oxide is measured in plasma and tissues. Its effects on acetylcholinesterase activity and cholinergic function in the brain are assessed. These studies have contributed to the understanding of galanthamine metabolism.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Metabolism / Metabolites
Galantamine N-oxide is a known human metabolite of galantamine. Galanthamine N-oxide has a molecular weight of 303.35 and a molecular formula of C17H21NO4. It is a naturally occurring alkaloid and a metabolite of galanthamine. The compound is typically stored under recommended conditions for research compounds. Its physical and chemical properties are consistent with galanthamine derivatives. It is a research compound used in pharmacological studies. |
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Specific toxicity data for galanthamine N-oxide is not extensively reported. As a metabolite of galanthamine, its safety profile is related to the parent compound. Galanthamine is generally well-tolerated at therapeutic doses. The N-oxide derivative may have a different safety profile. Standard safety precautions should be taken when handling the compound.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
Galanthamine N-Oxide has been reported in Lycoris radiata, Lycoris radiata, and Lycoris rubrum, and data are available.
Galanthamine N-oxide is a naturally occurring alkaloid and a metabolite of galanthamine. It is a derivative of galanthamine, an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used in Alzheimer's disease. The compound has been studied for its biological activities. Galanthamine N-oxide is a research compound used to study the metabolism and pharmacology of galanthamine. |
| Molecular Formula |
C17H21NO4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
303.35300
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| Exact Mass |
303.147
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| CAS # |
134332-50-6
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| PubChem CID |
11748698
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Melting Point |
246-247ºC
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| LogP |
1.821
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
4
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
22
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| Complexity |
483
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
3
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| SMILES |
C[N+]1(CC[C@@]23C=C[C@@H](C[C@@H]2OC4=C(C=CC(=C34)C1)OC)O)[O-]
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| InChi Key |
LROQBKNDGTWXET-FVWDGWMTSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C17H21NO4/c1-18(20)8-7-17-6-5-12(19)9-14(17)22-16-13(21-2)4-3-11(10-18)15(16)17/h3-6,12,14,19H,7-10H2,1-2H3/t12-,14-,17-,18?/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(1S,12S,14R)-9-methoxy-4-methyl-4-oxido-11-oxa-4-azoniatetracyclo[8.6.1.01,12.06,17]heptadeca-6(17),7,9,15-tetraen-14-ol
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~6.25 mg/mL (~20.60 mM)
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|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.2965 mL | 16.4826 mL | 32.9652 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.6593 mL | 3.2965 mL | 6.5930 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3297 mL | 1.6483 mL | 3.2965 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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