| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
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| 1mg |
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| 100mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Galactose does not have a specific receptor target; it functions as a nutrient and metabolite. It is metabolized through the Leloir pathway to glucose-1-phosphate, which enters glycolysis and other metabolic pathways. Galactose is also a component of glycoproteins and glycolipids, where it plays a structural and functional role. Its metabolism is dependent on the enzymes galactokinase, galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, and UDP-galactose 4-epimerase.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, galactose is used as a nutrient and energy source in cell culture media. It can replace glucose in certain cell culture applications to study metabolism and glycolysis. Its effects on cell metabolism and gene expression have been studied in various cell types. Its use in biochemical assays is well established. Its role as a component of glycoproteins and glycolipids has been studied in cellular models.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, galactose is metabolized to glucose-1-phosphate through the Leloir pathway. It is used clinically as a diagnostic agent in liver function tests, where its clearance from the blood is measured to assess liver function. Galactose is also used as a dietary supplement. Its metabolism is essential for normal growth and development. Its role in lactose digestion and galactosemia has been studied.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for galactose involve measuring its metabolism by enzymes of the Leloir pathway. Galactokinase activity is measured by monitoring the phosphorylation of galactose. Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase activity is measured by monitoring the conversion of galactose-1-phosphate to glucose-1-phosphate. These assays are used to diagnose galactosemia and to study galactose metabolism.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for galactose involve treating cells with the compound to study its effects on metabolism and gene expression. Cells are cultured in media containing galactose instead of glucose, and changes in metabolic flux, gene expression, and cell function are measured. These assays are used to study glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and other metabolic pathways.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for galactose have been conducted to study its metabolism and its effects on various organs. The compound is typically administered orally or intravenously. Its clearance from the blood is measured to assess liver function. Its effects on cataract formation and other complications of galactosemia have been studied in animal models. These studies have contributed to the understanding of galactose metabolism.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Galactose has a molecular weight of 180.16 and a molecular formula of C6H12O6. It is a monosaccharide sugar that is an epimer of glucose. The compound is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water. It is typically stored at room temperature. Its physical and chemical properties are consistent with other monosaccharides. It is a reducing sugar.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Galactose is generally recognized as safe for use as a food ingredient and nutrient. However, individuals with galactosemia, a genetic disorder affecting galactose metabolism, cannot metabolize galactose properly. In these individuals, galactose accumulation can cause serious complications, including liver damage, cataracts, and intellectual disability. Proper handling and storage are recommended.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
α-D-galactose is a d-galactopyranose with an α-configuration of its anomeric carbon atom. It is a mouse metabolite and an enantiomer of α-L-galactose. α-D-galactose is a metabolite found or produced in Escherichia coli (strains K12 and MG1655). It has been reported to exist in Cuphea appendiculata, Primula veris, and other organisms with relevant data. D-galactose is a metabolite found or produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. See also: GUM-3 (monomer); Rhizobium gum (monomer); Guaraproose (3500 mPa·s, 1%) (monomer)... See more...
Galactose is a monosaccharide sugar that is a component of lactose and many polysaccharides. It is an epimer of glucose. Galactose is a nutrient and metabolite that plays a key role in energy metabolism and the synthesis of glycoproteins and glycolipids. It is used clinically as a diagnostic agent in liver function tests. Galactose is also used in cell culture media. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H12O6
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
180.16
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| Exact Mass |
180.063
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| CAS # |
3646-73-9
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| PubChem CID |
439357
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| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
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| Melting Point |
170 °C
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| LogP |
-2.6
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
6
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
1
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
151
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
5
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| SMILES |
C([C@@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O1)O)O)O)O)O
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| InChi Key |
WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-PHYPRBDBSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H12O6/c7-1-2-3(8)4(9)5(10)6(11)12-2/h2-11H,1H2/t2-,3+,4+,5-,6+/m1/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4S,5R,6R)-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-2,3,4,5-tetrol
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| Synonyms |
Galactose; alpha-D-Galactose
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment, avoid exposure to moisture. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.5506 mL | 27.7531 mL | 55.5062 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1101 mL | 5.5506 mL | 11.1012 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5551 mL | 2.7753 mL | 5.5506 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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