| Size | Price | Stock | Qty |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1mg |
|
||
| 5mg | |||
| Other Sizes |
| Targets |
Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase (PNP), particularly bacterial PNP. Formycin A is a potent and selective inhibitor of the E. coli enzyme purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), which catalyzes the phosphorolysis of purine nucleosides (e.g., inosine, guanosine) to the corresponding purine base and ribose-1-phosphate. It has much lower activity against mammalian PNP, making it a selective bacterial enzyme inhibitor. As a C-nucleoside (C-C bond linking the base and ribose), Formycin A is resistant to enzymatic hydrolysis and deamination.
|
|---|---|
| ln Vitro |
Zidovudine (AZT; dideoxynucleoside chain terminator) is antagonistic to formycin A (NSC 102811; 1 μM, 5 μM, 10 μM).
Formycin A inhibits E. coli purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) with high potency. It is a selective inhibitor of bacterial PNP with limited activity against the mammalian enzyme. Formycin A has been shown to upsurge insulin release elevated by glucose in vitro. As an antineoplastic agent, Formycin A inhibits viral polymerases and can terminate viral RNA synthesis via analog incorporation, making it useful for studying viral replication mechanisms. It is a purine analog that may be incorporated into DNA/RNA. |
| ln Vivo |
In animal models, Formycin A has shown antineoplastic activity. It has also been investigated for its effects on insulin secretion. In studies using glucose-stimulated insulin release assays, Formycin A enhances insulin secretion. Its antibacterial activity is limited, as it is primarily a tool for studying nucleoside metabolism and PNP inhibition. In vivo efficacy as an anticancer or antiviral agent is documented but limited.
|
| Enzyme Assay |
Cell-free purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) inhibition assays: Purified PNP from E. coli (0.1-0.5 U/mL) is incubated with varying concentrations of Formycin A (0.1-100 microM) in 100 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 0.5 mM inosine as substrate for 10-30 minutes at 37degC. The reaction is terminated by adding 0.5 M perchloric acid, and the product (hypoxanthine) is quantified by HPLC (C18 column, 254 nm detection) or by measuring the decrease in absorbance at 293 nm (deltaε = 8,100 M-¹cm-¹). The IC50 is calculated from the inhibition of inosine phosphorolysis.
|
| Cell Assay |
K562 human leukemia cells or other cancer cell lines are cultured in RPMI-1640 with 10% FBS. Cells (5 × 103 to 1 × 10⁴ cells/well) are seeded in 96-well plates and treated with Formycin A (0.1-100 microM) for 48-72 hours. Cell viability is measured by MTT or CellTiter-Glo assay. The IC50 for growth inhibition is calculated. For insulin release studies, MIN6 mouse pancreatic beta-cells or isolated rat pancreatic islets are cultured and treated with Formycin A (1-100 microM) in the presence of 2.8 mM (basal) or 16.7 mM (stimulatory) glucose for 1-2 hours. Insulin released into the supernatant is measured by ELISA.
|
| Animal Protocol |
Not applicable (primarily used in vitro, limited published in vivo protocols). For antineoplastic studies, immunodeficient mice bearing xenografts of K562 or other leukemia cells would be treated with Formycin A (10-50 mg/kg i.p. or i.v.) once daily for 14-21 days, and tumor volumes would be measured. However, published in vivo data for Formycin A are limited. The compound is primarily used as a biochemical tool for in vitro assays, not as a lead compound for in vivo efficacy studies.
|
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Formycin A is a C-nucleoside analog with a molecular weight of 282.25 g/mol. As a nucleoside analog, it is transported into cells via nucleoside transporters and is phosphorylated by cellular kinases to its mono-, di-, and triphosphate forms. The triphosphate is the active species that inhibits viral polymerases or is incorporated into nucleic acids. The compound has a short half-life in plasma (minutes) due to rapid clearance. Limited pharmacokinetic data are available.
|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Formycin A is a research compound and is not approved for human therapeutic use. Toxicity data are limited. As a nucleoside analog, it may have cytotoxic effects on rapidly dividing cells, including bone marrow (myelosuppression) and gastrointestinal epithelium. Standard laboratory safety precautions should be used when handling this compound. Avoid inhalation, skin contact, and ingestion. The compound is for research use only.
|
| References |
|
| Additional Infomation |
Formycin A is a fulvicin compound with antitumor activity. It has been reported that Streptomyces sparsely distributed also contains fulvicin, and relevant data are available for reference.
Formycin A is a C-nucleoside (C-C glycosidic bond) antibiotic and purine analog. Unlike typical N-nucleosides (which have an N-C bond linking the base and ribose), the C-nucleoside linkage is resistant to hydrolysis and enzymatic cleavage (e.g., by adenosine deaminase). This stability makes Formycin A a valuable probe for studying nucleoside metabolism, purine salvage pathways, and viral replication. It is also a selective inhibitor of bacterial purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP), making it useful for distinguishing bacterial and mammalian PNP activities. Formycin A is for research use only. |
| Molecular Formula |
C₁₀H₁₃N₅O₄
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
267.24
|
| Exact Mass |
285.107
|
| CAS # |
6742-12-7
|
| PubChem CID |
447199
|
| Appearance |
White to off-white solid powder
|
| Density |
1.771g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
709.5ºC at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
153-155ºC
|
| Flash Point |
382.9ºC
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.803
|
| LogP |
-2.2
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
5
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
8
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
2
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
19
|
| Complexity |
335
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
4
|
| SMILES |
C1=NC2=C(NN=C2C(=N1)N)[C@H]3[C@@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O3)CO)O)O
|
| InChi Key |
KBHMEHLJSZMEMI-KSYZLYKTSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C10H13N5O4/c11-10-6-4(12-2-13-10)5(14-15-6)9-8(18)7(17)3(1-16)19-9/h2-3,7-9,16-18H,1H2,(H,14,15)(H2,11,12,13)/t3-,7-,8-,9+/m1/s1
|
| Chemical Name |
(2S,3R,4S,5R)-2-(7-amino-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-d]pyrimidin-3-yl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolane-3,4-diol
|
| Synonyms |
Formycin A Formycin A
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
|
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 3.7420 mL | 18.7098 mL | 37.4195 mL | |
| 5 mM | 0.7484 mL | 3.7420 mL | 7.4839 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.3742 mL | 1.8710 mL | 3.7420 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
Products are for research use only; We do not sell to patients
Copyright 2020 InvivoChem LLC | All Rights Reserved
