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| Targets |
Formiminoglutamic acid is a metabolite in the histidine degradation pathway. It is formed from the conversion of formiminoglutamate and requires tetrahydrofolate (THF) as a cofactor for its further metabolism to glutamate. Its accumulation indicates a deficiency in folate, as the enzyme formiminotransferase requires folate to function. It does not have a traditional receptor target.
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| ln Vitro |
In vitro, formiminoglutamic acid is used as a marker to study folate metabolism. Its levels can be measured in cell culture media to assess the folate status of cells. It is a substrate for the enzyme formiminotransferase. Its presence indicates a block in the histidine degradation pathway due to lack of folate.
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| ln Vivo |
In vivo, formiminoglutamic acid is excreted in the urine. Elevated levels are a clinical indicator of folate deficiency. The histidine loading test involves oral administration of histidine, which increases the production of formiminoglutamic acid. Measurement of urinary formiminoglutamic acid is used to diagnose folic acid deficiency and megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy.
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| Enzyme Assay |
In vitro enzyme assays for formiminoglutamic acid typically involve measuring its conversion to glutamate by the enzyme formiminotransferase in the presence of tetrahydrofolate. The reaction can be monitored by HPLC or by measuring the release of formiminoglutamate. These assays are used to study folate metabolism and enzyme activity.
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| Cell Assay |
In vitro cell-based assays for formiminoglutamic acid involve treating cells with the compound to study its effects on folate metabolism. Cells are cultured in media with varying folate concentrations, and the intracellular levels of formiminoglutamic acid are measured as a marker of folate status.
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| Animal Protocol |
In vivo animal experiments for formiminoglutamic acid are not typically performed. Its role as a clinical biomarker is well-established. Animal models of folate deficiency can be used to study the accumulation of formiminoglutamic acid and its correlation with disease states.
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| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Formiminoglutamic acid has a molecular weight of 174.15 and a molecular formula of C6H10N2O4. It has a density of 1.45 g/cm3 and a boiling point of 389°C. It is a white to light brown solid powder. It is soluble in DMSO and is typically stored at -20°C.
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| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Formiminoglutamic acid is an endogenous metabolite and is not considered toxic. It is a diagnostic marker. However, as a research chemical, standard safety precautions should be taken when handling. It is not intended for human use.
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| References | |
| Additional Infomation |
N-Formimide-L-glutamic acid is an N-formimide derivative of L-glutamic acid, belonging to the L-glutamic acid derivative family and also a dicarboxylic acid. It is the conjugate acid of N-formimide-L-glutamic acid (2-) and N-formimide-L-glutamic acid (1-). Formimide-glutamic acid has been reported in water fleas, humans, and other organisms with relevant data. Measuring the urinary content of this acid after oral administration of histidine can be used to diagnose folic acid deficiency and megaloblastic anemia in pregnancy.
Formiminoglutamic acid is an endogenous metabolite and a biomarker for folate deficiency. It is used in the diagnostic test for folic acid deficiency and megaloblastic anemia of pregnancy. It is an N-formimidoyl derivative of L-glutamic acid. It is also known as NSC-334078. |
| Molecular Formula |
C6H10N2O4
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|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
174.15
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| Exact Mass |
174.064
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| CAS # |
816-90-0
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| PubChem CID |
439233
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| Appearance |
White to light brown solid powder
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| Density |
1.45g/cm3
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| Boiling Point |
389ºC at 760 mmHg
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| Flash Point |
189ºC
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| Index of Refraction |
1.557
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| LogP |
-1.1
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| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
3
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| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
5
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| Rotatable Bond Count |
5
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| Heavy Atom Count |
12
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| Complexity |
202
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| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
1
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| SMILES |
C(CC(=O)O)[C@@H](C(=O)O)N=CN
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| InChi Key |
NRXIKWMTVXPVEF-BYPYZUCNSA-N
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| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/C6H10N2O4/c7-3-8-4(6(11)12)1-2-5(9)10/h3-4H,1-2H2,(H2,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12)/t4-/m0/s1
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| Chemical Name |
(2S)-2-(aminomethylideneamino)pentanedioic acid
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| Synonyms |
NSC-334078; NSC 334078; Formiminoglutamic acid
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| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
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| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month Note: Please store this product in a sealed and protected environment (e.g. under nitrogen), avoid exposure to moisture and light. |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
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| Solubility (In Vitro) |
May dissolve in DMSO (in most cases), if not, try other solvents such as H2O, Ethanol, or DMF with a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples
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| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 5.7422 mL | 28.7109 mL | 57.4218 mL | |
| 5 mM | 1.1484 mL | 5.7422 mL | 11.4844 mL | |
| 10 mM | 0.5742 mL | 2.8711 mL | 5.7422 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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