| Size | Price | |
|---|---|---|
| 500mg | ||
| 1g | ||
| Other Sizes |
| ADME/Pharmacokinetics |
Absorption, Distribution and Excretion
Formamide can be directly absorbed through the skin of guinea pigs… After oral administration of 2-4 grams per rabbit, 39% of the dose is recovered unchanged… Metabolism/Metabolites There is sufficient evidence that aliphatic carboxylic amides undergo hydrolysis…The site of hydrolysis is likely in the liver, where relatively nonspecific amidases are present. The rate of hydrolysis increases rapidly with increasing molecular weight…but the hydrolysis rate of acetamide is slower than that of formamide… Simple carboxylic amides have relatively low skin and mucous membrane irritation, suggesting that hydrolysis may not occur at these sites, otherwise the resulting low-molecular-weight acids would cause local damage. Dimethylformamide is known to be metabolized in humans via successive N-demethylation to methylformamide and formamide, which are primarily excreted in urine. In one study…the hypothesis that formamide undergoes metabolic hydrolysis in rabbits was tested. After extraction with diethyl ether, acidic substances were titrated in urine samples before and after hydrolysis. The amount of ether-soluble acid measured in hydrolyzed urine was considered to reflect the amount of formamide excreted unchanged. The difference between the administered dose of amide and the total amount excreted unchanged was considered to represent the amount of amide metabolized and hydrolyzed. Using this method, 39% of the unchanged drug was recovered after oral administration of 2–4 g per rabbit. |
|---|---|
| Toxicity/Toxicokinetics |
Interactions
Formamide (3 g/kg intravenously) had little effect on hypertension induced by the carotid sinus reflex or exogenous catecholamines, but it reduced hypertension induced indirectly by tyramine and ephedrine. When mice were administered formamide intraperitoneally at bilirubin doses (3.2, 0.77, 2, 1.2, and 0.75 g/kg), formamide prolonged central nervous system depression induced by 100 mg hexobarbital, 350 mg chloral, or 1.4 g ethyl carbamate/kg. Non-human toxicity values Oral LD50 in rats: 6 g/kg Dermal LD50 in rabbits: 6 g/kg Oral LD50 in mice: 3.15 g/kg Oral LD50 in tumor-bearing BDF1 mice: 400 mg/kg (once daily for 9 days) For more complete data on non-human toxicity values of formamides (8 types in total), please visit the HSDB record page. |
| References |
|
| Additional Infomation |
Formamide is a colorless liquid with a slight ammonia odor, a density greater than water, and a freezing point of 36°F (2°C). (US Coast Guard, 1999)
Formamide is the simplest monocarboxylic acid amide, prepared by the condensation of formic acid and ammonia, and is the parent compound of formaldehyde compounds. It can be used as a solvent. Formamide is a monocarboxylic acid amide, belonging to the one-carbon compounds, and is a member of the formamide class. It has a functional relationship with formic acid and is a tautomer of formimide acid. |
| Molecular Formula |
CH₃NO
|
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight |
45.04
|
| Exact Mass |
45.021
|
| CAS # |
75-12-7
|
| Related CAS # |
28704-51-0
|
| PubChem CID |
713
|
| Appearance |
Colorless to light yellow liquid
|
| Density |
1.0±0.1 g/cm3
|
| Boiling Point |
210.5±9.0 °C at 760 mmHg
|
| Melting Point |
2-3 °C(lit.)
|
| Flash Point |
81.1±18.7 °C
|
| Vapour Pressure |
0.2±0.4 mmHg at 25°C
|
| Index of Refraction |
1.370
|
| LogP |
-1.51
|
| Hydrogen Bond Donor Count |
1
|
| Hydrogen Bond Acceptor Count |
1
|
| Rotatable Bond Count |
0
|
| Heavy Atom Count |
3
|
| Complexity |
12.3
|
| Defined Atom Stereocenter Count |
0
|
| SMILES |
O=C([H])N([H])[H]
|
| InChi Key |
ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
|
| InChi Code |
InChI=1S/CH3NO/c2-1-3/h1H,(H2,2,3)
|
| Chemical Name |
formamide
|
| Synonyms |
Methanamide; Formimidic acid; Carbamaldehyde
|
| HS Tariff Code |
2934.99.9001
|
| Storage |
Powder -20°C 3 years 4°C 2 years In solvent -80°C 6 months -20°C 1 month |
| Shipping Condition |
Room temperature (This product is stable at ambient temperature for a few days during ordinary shipping and time spent in Customs)
|
| Solubility (In Vitro) |
DMSO : ~100 mg/mL (~2220.25 mM)
H2O : ~100 mg/mL (~2220.25 mM) |
|---|---|
| Solubility (In Vivo) |
Note: Listed below are some common formulations that may be used to formulate products with low water solubility (e.g. < 1 mg/mL), you may test these formulations using a minute amount of products to avoid loss of samples.
Injection Formulations
Injection Formulation 1: DMSO : Tween 80： Saline = 10 : 5 : 85 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO stock solution → 50 μL Tween 80 → 850 μL Saline)(e.g. IP/IV/IM/SC) *Preparation of saline: Dissolve 0.9 g of sodium chloride in 100 mL ddH ₂ O to obtain a clear solution. Injection Formulation 2: DMSO : PEG300 ：Tween 80 : Saline = 10 : 40 : 5 : 45 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 400 μLPEG300 → 50 μL Tween 80 → 450 μL Saline) Injection Formulation 3: DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90 (i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL Corn oil) Example: Take the Injection Formulation 3 (DMSO : Corn oil = 10 : 90) as an example, if 1 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can take 100 μL 25 mg/mL DMSO stock solution and add to 900 μL corn oil, mix well to obtain a clear or suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Injection Formulation 4: DMSO : 20% SBE-β-CD in saline = 10 : 90 [i.e. 100 μL DMSO → 900 μL (20% SBE-β-CD in saline)] Oral Formulations
Oral Formulation 1: Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na (carboxymethylcellulose sodium) Oral Formulation 2: Suspend in 0.5% Carboxymethyl cellulose Example: Take the Oral Formulation 1 (Suspend in 0.5% CMC Na) as an example, if 100 mL of 2.5 mg/mL working solution is to be prepared, you can first prepare 0.5% CMC Na solution by measuring 0.5 g CMC Na and dissolve it in 100 mL ddH2O to obtain a clear solution; then add 250 mg of the product to 100 mL 0.5% CMC Na solution, to make the suspension solution (2.5 mg/mL, ready for use in animals). View More
Oral Formulation 3: Dissolved in PEG400 (Please use freshly prepared in vivo formulations for optimal results.) |
| Preparing Stock Solutions | 1 mg | 5 mg | 10 mg | |
| 1 mM | 22.2025 mL | 111.0124 mL | 222.0249 mL | |
| 5 mM | 4.4405 mL | 22.2025 mL | 44.4050 mL | |
| 10 mM | 2.2202 mL | 11.1012 mL | 22.2025 mL |
*Note: Please select an appropriate solvent for the preparation of stock solution based on your experiment needs. For most products, DMSO can be used for preparing stock solutions (e.g. 5 mM, 10 mM, or 20 mM concentration); some products with high aqueous solubility may be dissolved in water directly. Solubility information is available at the above Solubility Data section. Once the stock solution is prepared, aliquot it to routine usage volumes and store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid repeated freeze and thaw cycles.
Calculation results
Working concentration： mg/mL；
Method for preparing DMSO stock solution： mg drug pre-dissolved in μL DMSO (stock solution concentration mg/mL). Please contact us first if the concentration exceeds the DMSO solubility of the batch of drug.
Method for preparing in vivo formulation:：Take μL DMSO stock solution, next add μL PEG300, mix and clarify, next addμL Tween 80, mix and clarify, next add μL ddH2O，mix and clarify.
(1) Please be sure that the solution is clear before the addition of next solvent. Dissolution methods like vortex, ultrasound or warming and heat may be used to aid dissolving.
(2) Be sure to add the solvent(s) in order.
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